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'''Ontario''' is a city in southwestern [[San Bernardino County, California|San Bernardino County]] in the U.S. state of California, {{convert|35|mi}} east of [[downtown Los Angeles]] and {{convert|23|mi}} west of [[downtown San Bernardino]], the county seat. Located in the western part of the [[Inland Empire]] metropolitan area, it lies just east of [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles County]] and is part of the [[Greater Los Angeles Area]]. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the city had a population of 175,265.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US0653896|title=Census - Geography Profile: Ontario city, California|access-date=September 5, 2022}}</ref>
The city is home to [[Ontario International Airport]], which is the
It takes its name from the Ontario Model Colony development established in 1882 by the Canadian engineer [[George Chaffey]] and his brothers [[William Chaffey]] and Charles Chaffey.<ref>[http://www.ci.ontario.ca.us/index.cfm/21956/17099 History of Ontario] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100415011446/http://www.ci.ontario.ca.us/index.cfm/21956/17099 |date=April 15, 2010 }} Retrieved May 12, 2010.</ref> They named the settlement after their home [[Provinces and territories of Canada|province]] of [[Ontario]].
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[[Juan Bautista de Anza]] is said to have passed through the area on his 1774 expedition, which created a land route between the province of [[Sonora]] and San Gabriel.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=De Anza Park {{!}} City of Ontario, California |url=https://www.ontarioca.gov/de-anza-park |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=www.ontarioca.gov}}</ref> An Ontario city park<ref name=":3" /> and a middle school<ref>{{Cite web |title=De Anza Middle School / Homepage |url=https://www.omsd.net/https%3A%2F%2Fround-lake.dustinice.workers.dev%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.omsd.net%2Fsite%2Fdefault.aspx%3FDomainID%3D34 |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=www.omsd.net |language=en}}</ref> now bear his name. The route became known as the [[El Camino Real (California)|El Camino Real]].
In 1804, the northern part of Las Californias became the new province of [[Alta California|Nueva California]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nuttall |first=Donald A. |date=1972 |title=The Gobernantes of Spanish Upper California: A Profile
In 1810, the San Gabriel Franciscans took over the Tongva village of [[Kaawchama]] (in today's west [[Redlands, California|Redlands]]), replacing it with the [[Guachama Rancheria|Guachama rancheria]]. This included a chapel devoted to San Bernardino (beginning the association of the saint with the area). The rancheria was destroyed by the [[Serrano people|Serrano]] in 1812, and was rebuilt nearby as the [[San Bernardino de Sena Estancia|San Bernardino de Sena estancia]] in 1819.
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In 1826, American explorer [[Jedediah Smith]] passed through what is now [[Upland, California|Upland]] on the first known overland journey from the east coast to the west coast of North America. He used Native American trails that he helped establish as the [[California Trail]]. (This later became the [[National Old Trails Road]], [[U.S. Route 66|Route 66]], and today's [[Foothill Boulevard (Southern California)|Foothill Boulevard]].)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Delja |first=Beatrice |title=CHL # 781 National Old Trails Monument San Bernadino [sic] |url=http://www.californiahistoricallandmarks.com/landmarks/chl-781 |access-date=February 16, 2017 |website=www.californiahistoricallandmarks.com}}</ref>
Use of the San Gabriel mission's [[Rancho Cucamonga]] was in 1839 granted to [[Tiburcio Tapia]] by Alta Californian governor [[Juan Bautista Alvarado]] as part of the [[Mexican secularization act of 1833|secularization of California land holdings]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |url=https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/267557 |title=Cucamonga [San Bernardino County] Leon V. Prudhomme, Claimant. Case no. 214, Southern District of California |editor-last=Prudhomme |editor-first=Leon Victor |
The name ''Mount San Antonio'' was probably bestowed by [[Antonio Maria Lugo]], owner of [[Rancho San Antonio (Lugo)|Rancho San Antonio]] near present-day [[Compton, California|Compton]] circa 1840, in honor of his patron saint, [[Anthony of Padua]].<ref name="hps1969">Sierra Club Hundred Peaks Section, 100 Peaks Lookout newsletter, May 1969</ref>
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==== 1800s ====
In January 1847, the area became controlled by the United States following the [[conquest of California]] as part of the [[Mexican–American War|Mexican-American War]], and was formalised by the [[Treaty of Cahuenga]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dale L. Walker |url=http://archive.org/details/bearflagrisingco00walk_0 |title=Bear Flag rising |date=1999 |publisher=Forge
The new Californian administration soon began a war of extermination against the Tongva, which came to be known as being part of the [[California genocide]].<ref name=":0" /> 1850's [[Act for the Government and Protection of Indians]] ensured that slavery of the people it covered remained legal.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=yLbNA_3CdcQC&dq=%22Act+for+the+Government+and+Protection+of+Indians%22&pg=PA822 '''Compiled laws of the State of California: containing all the acts of the Legislature of a public and general nature, now in force, passed at the sessions of 1850-51-52-53''', Benicia, S. Garfeilde, 1853. pp. 822-825 An Act for the Government and Protection of Indians]</ref>
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Slavery of Native Americans became illegal in California in 1865.<ref name="OHP2">{{cite web |last1=Dutschke |first1=Dwight |date=2014 |title=A History of American Indians in California |url=http://ohp.parks.ca.gov/pages/1054/files/american%20indians%20in%20california.pdf |access-date=October 10, 2016 |website=California Office of Historic Preservation, Five Views: An Ethnic Historic Site Survey for California}}</ref>
John Rain's heirs sold Rancho Cucamonga in 1870 to an [[Isaias W. Hellman|Isaias Hellman]]-led syndicate,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richardson |first=Katie |title=Guides: Pomona Valley Historical Collection: Ranchos |url=https://libguides.library.cpp.edu/c.php?g=771946&p=6014369 |access-date=January 1, 2024 |website=libguides.library.cpp.edu |language=en}}</ref> the "Cucamonga Company".<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last1=Brown |first1=John |url=http://archive.org/details/historyofsanbern01brow |title=History of San Bernardino and Riverside counties / with selected biography of actors and witnesses of the period of growth and achievement.. |last2=Boyd |first2=James |date=1922 |
In 1881, the Chaffey brothers, [[George Chaffey|George]] and [[William Chaffey|William]], purchased a parcel of Hellman's Rancho Cucamonga land, and rights to Mount San Antonio water. The brothers established a settlement they named "Ontario" in honor of the [[Provinces and territories of Canada|province]] of [[Ontario]] in [[Canada]], where they were from.<ref>[https://www.ontarioca.gov/Planning/HistoricPreservation#:~:text=The%20township%20of%20Ontario%2C%20California,for%20the%20Community%20of%20Ontario. Historic Preservation | City of Ontario, California]</ref>
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The [[University of La Verne]] opened a law-focused campus in Ontario in 2001.
In 2008, the [[Ontario Community Events Center]] opened. It hosts a number of professional minor-league indoor sports teams. Also that year, [[West Coast University]] opened a campus in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=West Coast University - University History |url=https://westcoastuniversity.smartcatalogiq.com/en/summer-2024/summer-2024/about-west-coast-university/university-history/ |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=westcoastuniversity.smartcatalogiq.com}}</ref>
The headquarters of the [[Southern Baptist Convention|Southern Baptist Convention's]] [[Gateway Seminary]] moved to Ontario in 2016.
[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] opened their largest United States warehouse in Ontario in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-01 |title=Amazon’s largest U.S. warehouse is in this Inland Empire city |url=https://www.dailybulletin.com/2024/10/01/amazons-largest-u-s-warehouse-is-in-this-inland-empire-city/ |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=Daily Bulletin |language=en-US}}</ref>▼
▲[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] opened their largest United States warehouse in Ontario in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-01 |title=
==Geography==
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}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Ontario, California – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
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The Ontario post office contains two oil on canvas murals, ''The Dream'' depicting founder Chaffey with surveyors and ''The Reality'' which shows a view of the completed Euclid Avenue, painted by WPA muralist [[Nellie Geraldine Best]] in 1942.<ref>{{cite news|title=Murals will adorn walls of post office|newspaper=The San Bernardino County Sun |date=October 29, 1942 |page=15 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5071186/the_san_bernardino_county_sun/ |publisher=San Bernardino Country Sun|access-date=April 13, 2017}}</ref>
Since
The All-States Picnic, an [[Independence Day (United States)|Independence Day]] celebration, began in 1939 to recognize the varied origins of the city's residents. Picnic tables lined the median of Euclid Avenue from Hawthorne to E Street, with signs for each of the country's 48 states. The picnic was suspended during [[World War II]], but when it resumed in 1948, it attracted 120,000 people. A 1941 [[Ripley's Believe It or Not!]] cartoon listed Ontario's picnic table as the "world's longest". As native Californians came to outnumber the out-of-state-born, the celebration waned in popularity until it was discontinued in 1981. It was revived in 1991 as a celebration of civic pride.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailybulletin.com/livinghere/ci_2733033 |title=dailybulletin.com |publisher=dailybulletin.com |access-date=December 11, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204124349/http://www.dailybulletin.com/livinghere/ci_2733033 |archive-date=February 4, 2012 }}</ref>
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===State and federal representation===
In the [[California State Legislature]], Ontario is in {{Representative|casd|22|fmt=sdistrict}},<ref>{{Cite web |title=22nd Senate District |url=https://sd22.senate.ca.gov/district#:~:text=22nd%20Senate%20District%20%7C%20Senator%20Susan%20Rubio |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=Senator Susan Rubio |language=en}}</ref> and in the 52nd Assembly District by Democrat [[Freddie Rodriguez]].
In the [[United States House of Representatives]], Ontario is in {{Representative|cacd|35|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|35}}</ref>
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===Shopping===
[[Ontario Mills]] is a major shopping mall in Ontario; it is also the largest outlet mall in all of California.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-16 |title=Shop at California's Big-Bargain Outlet Malls |url=https://www.visitcalifornia.com/experience/big-bargain-outlet-malls/#:~:text=Inland%20Empire%20Outlets,you%20plan%20your%20next%20stops. |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=Visit California
==Notable people==
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