Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: Difference between revisions

| honorific_prefix = ''[[Bangabandhu]]''<!-- Please do not add "Father of the Nation" or "founding father" in reference to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman due to controversies. -->

'''Sheikh Mujibur Rahman'''{{efn|{{langx|bn|শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান|Śēkh Mujibur Rôhômān}} {{IPA|bn|ˈʃeːkʰ mudʒɪbur ˈɾɔɦoman|}}<br />{{langx|ur|شیخ مجیب الرحمن|Śēkh Mujīb ur-Rahman}} {{IPA-ur|ˈʃeːkʰ mʊd͡ʒiːbʊɾ ɾəɦmɑːn|}}}} (17 March 1920&nbsp;– 15 August 1975), popularly known by the honorific '''Bangabandhu''',{{efn|{{langx|bn|বঙ্গবন্ধু|Bôṅgôbôndhu}} {{langx|ur|بنگ بندھو|Bṅgbndhu}} {{IPA|bn|ˈbɔŋgobondʱu|}} ({{lit|Friend of [[Bengal]]}})}} was a Bangladeshi politician, revolutionary, statesman, activist and [[diarist]], who was the founding leader of [[Bangladesh]].<!-- Please do not add "Father of the Nation" or "founding father" in reference to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman due to controversies. --> As the leader of Bangladesh, he had held continuous positions either as Bangladesh's [[President of Bangladesh|president]] or as its [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh|prime minister]] from April 1971 until [[Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|his assassination]] in August 1975.{{efn|Multiple references:<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 August 1975 |title=Mu jib Reported Overthrown and Killed in a Coup by the Bangladesh Military |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/08/15/archives/mujib-reported-overthrown-and-killed-in-a-coup-by-the-bangladesh.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627112526/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/08/15/archives/mujib-reported-overthrown-and-killed-in-a-coup-by-the-bangladesh.html |archive-date=27 June 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated21">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Mujibur Rahman |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]] |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mujibur-Rahman |access-date=13 November 2022 |date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416203911/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mujibur-Rahman |archive-date=16 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2020 |title=Who is Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, whose birth centenary Bangladesh is observing today |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-who-is-sheikh-mujibur-rahman-whose-birth-centenary-bangladesh-is-observing-6317512/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527114210/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-who-is-sheikh-mujibur-rahman-whose-birth-centenary-bangladesh-is-observing-6317512/ |archive-date=27 May 2024 |access-date=28 May 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |ref=17 March is the birth anniversary of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1920–1975), the founding leader of Bangladesh and the country's first Prime Minister. He is referred to as Sheikh Mujib or simply Mujib, the title 'Bangabandhu' meaning 'friend of Bengal'.}}</ref>}} His nationalist ideology, socio-political theories, and political doctrines are collectively known as [[Mujibism]].

Born in an aristocratic Muslim family in [[Tungipara]], Mujib emerged as a student activist in the [[Bengal Presidency|province of Bengal]] during the final years of the [[British Raj]]. He was a member of the [[All India Muslim League]]. He supported [[Muslim nationalism in South Asia|Muslim nationalism]] and had a [[Pakistani nationalism|Pakistani establishmentalist]] outlook in his early political career. In 1949, he was part of a liberal, secular and left-wing faction which later became the [[Awami League]]. In the 1950s, he was elected to Pakistan's parliament where he defended the rights of [[East Bengal]]. Mujib served 13 years in prison during the [[British Raj]] and Pakistani rule.<ref name="4682 days" />

After the independence of Bangladesh, Mujib returned to Bangladesh in January 1972 as a hero and the leader of a war-devastated country.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Butterfield |first=Fox |date=16 January 1972 |title=Bangladesh |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/01/16/archives/a-big-bag-of-problems-for-mujib.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010064712/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/01/16/archives/a-big-bag-of-problems-for-mujib.html |archive-date=10 October 2024 |access-date=30 August 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In the following years, he played an important role in rebuilding Bangladesh, constructing a secular [[Constitution of Bangladesh|constitution]] for the country, transforming Pakistani era state apparatus, bureaucracy, armed forces, and judiciary into an independent state, initiating [[1973 Bangladeshi general election|first general election]] and normalizing diplomatic ties with most of the world. His foreign policy during the time was dominated by the principle "friendship to all and malice to none". He remained a close ally to [[Indira Gandhi|Gandhi]]'s [[India]] and [[Leonid Brezhnev|Brezhnev]]'s [[Soviet Union]], while balancing ties with the [[United States]]. He strongly opposedgave the [[apartheid]]Sheikh policiesMujibur ofRahman's [[South1974 Africa]]speech and dispatched an army medical unit duringat the [[1973 Arab-Israeli War]]. He gave theUnited Nations|first Bengali speech]] to the [[UN General Assembly]] in 1974.

A populist of the 20th century,Sheikh Mujib was one of the most charismatic leaders of the [[Third World]] in the early 1970s. His's post-independence legacy remains divisive among Bangladeshis due to his economic mismanagement, the famine of 1974, human rights violations, and [[authoritarianism]]. Nevertheless, most Bangladeshis credit him for leading the country to independence in 1971 and restoring the Bengali sovereignty after over two centuries following the [[Battle of Plassey]] in 1757, for which he is honoured as ''[[Bangabandhu]]'' (friend{{lit|Friend of Bengal}}).<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2020 |title=Who is Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, whose birth centenary Bangladesh is observing today |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-who-is-sheikh-mujibur-rahman-whose-birth-centenary-bangladesh-is-observing-6317512/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527114210/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-who-is-sheikh-mujibur-rahman-whose-birth-centenary-bangladesh-is-observing-6317512/ |archive-date=27 May 2024 |access-date=28 May 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |ref=17 March is the birth anniversary of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1920–1975), the founding leader of Bangladesh and the country's first Prime Minister. He is referred to as Sheikh Mujib or simply Mujib, the title 'Bangabandhu' meaning 'friend of Bengal'.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Krebs |first=Albin |date=16 August 1975 |title=Mujib Led Long Fight to Free Bengalis |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/08/16/archives/mujib-led-long-fight-to-free-bengalis.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918003721/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/08/16/archives/mujib-led-long-fight-to-free-bengalis.html |archive-date=18 September 2024 |access-date=2 August 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> He was voted as the ''[[Greatest Bengali of all time]]'' in the 2004 [[BBC Bangla|BBC]] opinion poll.<ref name="SMR1">{{Cite news |date=14 April 2004 |title=Listeners name 'greatest Bengali' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3623345.stm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526223911/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3623345.stm |archive-date=26 May 2024 |access-date=16 April 2018 |publisher=[[BBC News]]}}<br />{{Cite news |last=Habib |first=Haroon |date=17 April 2004 |title=International : Mujib, Tagore, Bose among 'greatest Bengalis of all time' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/2004/04/17/stories/2004041703001700.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225011708/https://www.thehindu.com/2004/04/17/stories/2004041703001700.htm |archive-date=25 December 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}<br />{{Cite news |date=16 April 2004 |title=Bangabandhu judged greatest Bangali of all time |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/04/16/d4041601066.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225011711/http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/04/16/d4041601066.htm |archive-date=25 December 2018 |access-date=9 November 2018 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]}}</ref> His 7 March speech in 1971 is recognized by [[UNESCO]] for its historic value, and was listed in the [[Memory of the World Register – Asia and the Pacific|Memory of the World Register]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 October 2017 |title=Unesco recognises Bangabandhu's 7th March speech |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/unesco-recognises-bangabandhu-sheikh-mujibur-rahman-7th-march-speech-memory-of-the-world-1484356 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031122936/http://www.thedailystar.net/politics/unesco-recognises-bangabandhu-sheikh-mujibur-rahman-7th-march-speech-memory-of-the-world-1484356 |archive-date=31 October 2017 |access-date=15 December 2022 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Many of his diaries and travelogues were published many years after his death and have been translated into several languages.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 February 2024 |title='Amar Dekha Noya Chin': Bangabandhu's formative journey in a travelogue-style graphic novel |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/merby646ni |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301073202/https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/merby646ni |archive-date=1 March 2024 |work=[[Prothom Alo]] |language=en}}</ref>

Sheikh Mujibur RahmanMujib spent 4682 days (or almost 13 years) in prison in his political life. Among them, he spent seven7 days in prison during the British periodraj as a school student. He spentand the remaining 4,675 days in prison under the government of Pakistan.<ref name="4682 days" />

== Governing Bangladesh (1972–1975) ==

On 16 August 1975, Mujib's coffin was taken to his birthplace Tungipara in an army helicopter. He was buried next to his parents after his funeral led by Sheikh Abdul Halim.<ref name="Burial" /> Others were buried in the [[Banani graveyard]] of Dhaka.<ref name="Burial">{{Cite book |last=SA Karim |url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/special-issues/special-on-national-mourning-day-2022/burial-in-his-native-village-1660496194 |title=Sheikh Mujib: Triumph and Tragedy |publisher=[[The University Press Limited]] |year=2005 |location=[[Dhaka]] |chapter=The End of the Mujib Regime |access-date=16 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816190813/https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/special-issues/special-on-national-mourning-day-2022/burial-in-his-native-village-1660496194 |archive-date=16 August 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> The national flag was kept at half-mast by the locals in several government and non-government institutions mourningin Mujib'shonour deathof Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib.<ref name="jnews">{{Cite news |script-title=bn:শোকাবহ আগস্ট ও বঙ্গবন্ধু হত্যার প্রতিবাদ |url=https://www.jagonews24.com/opinion/article/521057 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819111332/https://www.jagonews24.com/opinion/article/521057 |archive-date=19 August 2019 |access-date=19 August 2019 |work=Jago News 24 |language=bn |type=Opinion}}</ref> During the time, the [[Bangladesh national football team]] was in the [[Merdeka Tournament]] in [[Kuala Lumpur]], the capital of [[Malaysia]].<ref name=jnews/> There the national flag of Bangladesh was kept at half-mast on the day of Bangladesh's match. Prior to match, the players observed a minute's silence for Mujib and his eldest son [[Sheikh Kamal]], who was a keen sportsman and the founder of [[Abahani Limited Dhaka]].<ref name=jnews/>

[[Absentee funeral prayer (Islam)|Absentee funeral prayers]] were held in the [[Eidgah]] field of [[Jessore]], [[Dhanmondi Thana|Dhanmondi]] of Dhaka and [[Baitul Mukarram National Mosque]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 2017 |script-title=bn:গায়েবানা জানাজার কারণে নির্যাতন চলে যশোরে |url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/print-edition/pochattor-er-protibad/2017/08/15/531795 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510063631/https://www.kalerkantho.com/print-edition/pochattor-er-protibad/2017/08/15/531795 |archive-date=10 May 2024 |access-date=2017-08-15 |work=Kaler Kantho |language=bn}}</ref><ref name="dw">{{Cite news |script-title=bn:মুজিব হত্যার প্রতিবাদ |url=https://www.dw.com/bn/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0/a-17021398 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512150627/https://www.dw.com/bn/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0/a-17021398 |archive-date=12 May 2024 |access-date=2013-08-15 |work=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Thousands of people includingjoined the mass procession led by the students of [[Dhaka University]] joined the mass procession and special prayer in Dhaka on 4 November 1975.<ref name="dw" /><ref>{{Cite news |title=Checking your browser |script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধু হত্যা পরবর্তী প্রতিরোধ যুদ্ধ |url=https://www.channelionline.com/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605051758/https://www.channelionline.com/%e0%a6%ac%e0%a6%99%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%97%e0%a6%ac%e0%a6%a8%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%a7%e0%a7%81-%e0%a6%b9%e0%a6%a4%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%af%e0%a6%be-%e0%a6%aa%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%ac%e0%a6%b0%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%a4%e0%a7%80/ |archive-date=5 June 2024 |access-date=2016-08-08 |work=Channel i |language=bn}}</ref> Heads of state, political figures and media of several countries including [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]], [[India]], [[Iraq]] and [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] mourned Mujib's death.<ref name="ekushey">{{Cite news |script-title=bn:মুজিব হত্যায় বিশ্বনেতা ও গণমাধ্যমের প্রতিক্রিয়া |url=https://ekushey-tv.com/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE/15540 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127205953/https://ekushey-tv.com/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE/15540 |archive-date=27 November 2023 |access-date=2017-08-15 |work=Ekushey TV}}</ref> [[Prime Minister of Cuba|Cuban prime minister]] [[Fidel Castro]] stated upon Mujib's death, "The oppressed people of the world have lost a great leader of theirs in the death of Sheikh Mujib. And I have lost a truly large-hearted ally."<ref name=ekushey/>

{{See also|List of artistic depictions of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|List of things named after Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's cult of personality}}

[[File:Shikha Chirantan, Dhaka, Bangladesh 3.jpg|thumb|400x400px300x300px|The ''Eternal Flame'', where Mujib gave his historic 7 March speech, illuminated at night]]

Mujib's is widely knownconsideration as the '"[[Father' of the Nation]]" of Bangladesh is debated.{{efn|Multiple references:<ref>{{Cite news |date=1975-01-27 |title='Father' of Bangladesh |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/01/27/archives/father-of-bangladesh-mujibur-rahman.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618195215/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/01/27/archives/father-of-bangladesh-mujibur-rahman.html |archive-date=18 June 2023 |access-date=2019-05-18 |work=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lifschultz |first1=Lawrence |last2=Bird |first2=Kai |year=1979 |title=Bangladesh: Anatomy of a Coup |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=14 |issue=49 |pages=1999–2014 |issn=0012-9976 |jstor=4368204}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jahan |first=Rounaq |year=1973 |title=Bangladesh in 1972: Nation Building in a New State |journal=Asian Survey |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=199–210 |doi=10.2307/2642736 |issn=0004-4687 |jstor=2642736}}</ref>}} Origin of this title is traced back to a public meeting on 3 March 1971 (during [[Non-cooperation movement (1971)|Non-cooperation movement]]) where [[A. S. M. Abdur Rab]] referred Mujib as "The [[Father of the Nation]]".<ref>{{Cite news |script-title=bn:আ স ম আবদুর রব |url=https://www.priyo.com/people/a-s-m-abdur-rab |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422034145/https://www.priyo.com/people/a-s-m-abdur-rab/ |archive-date=22 April 2018 |access-date=18 September 2020 |work=[[Priyo]] |language=bn}}</ref> However, later claimed that [[Tajuddin Ahmad]], the first [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh]], was the first to refer Mujib as "The Father of the Nation".<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-03-26 |script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুকে জাতির পিতা উপাধি দেন তাজউদ্দীন |url=https://www.bhorerkagoj.com/national/83342 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617055212/https://www.bhorerkagoj.com/national/83342 |archive-date=17 June 2024 |work=[[Bhorer Kagoj]] |language=bn}}</ref> The 1972 [[Constitution of Bangladesh]] declared Mujib to be "Father of the Nation".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Country profile: Bangladesh |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/country_profiles/1160598.stm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081111022801/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/country_profiles/1160598.stm |archive-date=2008-11-11 |access-date=2008-11-09 |work=BBC News}}</ref> On 8 March 1975, [[Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani|Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani]] in a college foundation stone ceremony also addressed Mujib as "Father of the Nation".<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-03-16 |script-title=bn:বিস্তৃত পরিচিতির পরও ভাসানীর কাছে বিনয়ী ছিলেন বঙ্গবন্ধু |url=https://www.jagonews24.com/country/news/651296 |work=[[Jago News 24]] |language=bn}}</ref> In 2011, the Awami League-led [[parliament of Bangladesh]] passed the [[Amendments to the Constitution of Bangladesh|15th amendment]] to the country's constitution which referred to Mujib as the "Father of the Nation" in attached fifth, sixth, and seventh schedules covering his 7 March Speech, the declaration of independence on 26 March 1971, and the Proclamation of Independence issued by the Provisional Government on 10 April 1971.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Appendix I |url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/upload/act/2020-10-14-17-08-19-Appendix.pdf |website=Laws of Bangladesh}}</ref> On 19 August 2024, [[Supreme Court of Bangladesh]] issues rule questioning validity of 15th amendment.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 August 2024 |title=HC questions legality of 15th Amendment to constitution |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/ed071c97c3f4 |work=[[bdnews24.com]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=19 August 2024 |title=HC issues rule questioning validity of 15th amendment |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/08f6h901op |work=[[Prothom Alo]] |language=en}}</ref> On 16 October 2024, [[Nahid Islam]], an [[Adviser (Interim government of Bangladesh)|adviser]] to the [[2024 Bangladesh interim government|interim advisergovernment]] stated that they doesn't consider Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib as the only Father of the Nation.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 October 2024 |title=Govt doesn't consider Bangabandhu the Father of the Nation |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/govt-doesnt-consider-bangabandhu-the-father-the-nation-nahid-islam-3728976 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 October 2024 |title=Interim govt doesn't acknowledge Sheikh Mujib as Father of the Nation: Adviser |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/interim-govt-doesnt-acknowledge-sheikh-mujib-father-nation-adviser-nahid-968336 |work=[[The Business Standard]] |language=en}}</ref>

* {{Cite book |last1=Heitzman |first1=James |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/89600298/ |title=Bangladesh : a country study |last2=Library of Congress |first2=Federal Research Division |last3=Nyrop |first3=Richard F. |last4=Worden |first4=Robert L. |series=DA pam |date=1989 |publisher=Library of Congress |location=Washington, D.C.}}

* Japanese documentary film {{URLYouTube|https://www.liberationwarbangladesh.org/rahmanthe-father-of-bengal/we4EuvkKlGw|''Rahman – The Father of Bengal'' (1973)}} directed by [[Nagisa Ōshima]] at the [[Muktijuddho e-Archive]].