IBM Research: Difference between revisions

'''IBM Research''' is the [[research and development]] division for [[IBM]], an American [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] [[information technology]] company headquartered in [[Armonk, New York]], with operations in over 170 countries. IBM Research is the largest industrial research organization in the world and has twelve labs on six continents.<ref>{{cite web |title=Labs and locations |url=https://research.ibm.com/labs/ |access-date=28 December 2022 |work=IBM Research |date=9 February 2021 |archive-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221032216/https://research.ibm.com/labs/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

IBM employees have garnered six [[Nobel Prize]]s, six [[Turing Award]]s, 20 inductees into the [[U.S. National Inventors Hall of Fame]], 19 [[National Medal of Technology|National Medals of Technology]], five [[National Medal of Science|National Medals of Science]] and three [[Kavli Foundation (United States)#The Kavli Prize|Kavli Prizes]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.research.ibm.com/resources/awards.shtml |title=Awards & Achievements |access-date=2012-05-23 |publisher=IBM |archive-date=2011-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629122453/http://www.research.ibm.com/resources/awards.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> {{As of|2018}}, the company has generated more [[patents]] than any other business in each of 25 consecutive years, which is a record.<ref>{{cite press release |title=IBM Breaks Records to Top U.S. Patent List for 25th Consecutive Year |url=https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/53581.wss |work=IBM |date=9 January 2018 |access-date=9 January 2018 |archive-date=13 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113055808/http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/53581.wss |url-status=livedead }}</ref>

The roots of today's IBM Research began with the 1945 opening of the Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory at [[Columbia University]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.columbia.edu/acis/history/watsonlab.html |title=IBM Watson Laboratory at Columbia University |publisher=Columbia.edu |access-date=2010-05-05 |archive-date=2006-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909153423/http://www.columbia.edu/acis/history/watsonlab.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This was the first IBM laboratory devoted to pure science and later expanded into additional IBM Research locations in [[Westchester County, New York]], starting in the 1950s,<ref name="autogenerated2">Beatty, Jack, (editor) [https://books.google.com/books?id=cX9zJctCAqkC&printsec=frontcover ''Colussus: how the corporation changed America''], New York : Random House, 2001. {{ISBN|978-0-7679-0352-3}}. Cf. chapter "Making the 'R' Yield 'D': The IBM Labs" by Robert Buderi.</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>IBM, [http://www.watson.ibm.com/facility_history.shtml "Watson Research Center: Watson Facility History"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219114433/http://www.watson.ibm.com/facility_history.shtml |date=2012-02-19 }}</ref> including the [[Thomas J. Watson Research Center]] in 1961.<ref name=autogenerated2 /><ref name=autogenerated1 />

IBM Research's numerous contributions to physical and computer sciences include the [[Scanning tunneling microscope|Scanning Tunneling Microscope]] and [[high-temperature superconductivity]], both of which were awarded the [[Nobel Prize]]. IBM Research was behind the inventions of the [[Sabre (computer system)|SABRE]] travel reservation system, the technology of [[LASIK|laser eye surgery]], magnetic storage, the [[relational database]], [[Universal Product Code|UPC]] barcodes and [[Watson (computer)|Watson]], the question-answering computing system that won a match against human champions on the [[Jeopardy!]] television quiz show. The Watson technology is now being commercialized as part of a project with healthcare company [[Anthem Inc.]] Other notable developments include the [[Data Encryption Standard]] (DES), [[fast Fourier transform]] (FFT), [[Benoît Mandelbrot]]'s introduction of [[fractal]]s, magnetic disk storage ([[hard disk]]s), the [[MELD-Plus]] risk score, the one-transistor [[dynamic random-access memory]] (DRAM), the [[Reduced instruction set computing|reduced instruction set computer]] (RISC) architecture, [[relational database]]s, and [[IBM Deep Blue|Deep Blue]] ([[Grandmaster (chess)|grandmaster]]-level [[chess]]-playing computer).

<ref>{{cite web |date= 9 February 2021|title=Grady Booch {{!}} IBM Research Profile |url=https://research.ibm.com/people/grady-booch |access-date=28 December 2022 |website=IBM Research |archive-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228173259/https://research.ibm.com/people/grady-booch |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://community.ibm.com/community/user/ibmcommunity/home|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151213193833/https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/mydeveloperworks/blogs/gradybooch/?lang=en|url-status=dead|title=IBM Community - IBM Community Home|archive-date=December 13, 2015|website=community.ibm.com}}</ref>

<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.computer.org/portal/web/computingnow/onarchitecture |title=IEEE Software: On Architecture |access-date=2016-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803014315/https://www.computer.org/portal/web/computingnow/onarchitecture |archive-date=2018-08-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://video.yahoo.com/watch/577305/2839970|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110328083425/http://video.yahoo.com/watch/577305/2839970|url-status=dead|title=The Promise, The Limits, The Beauty of Software|archive-date=March 28, 2011}}</ref> [[Fred Brooks]] (known for his book ''[[The Mythical Man-Month]]''),<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2010/07/ff-fred-brooks/|title=Master Planner: Fred Brooks Shows How to Design Anything|magazine=Wired|first=Kevin|last=Kelly|date=July 28, 2010|volume=18|issue=8|via=www.wired.com|access-date=February 9, 2020|archive-date=March 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303041543/https://www.wired.com/2010/07/ff-fred-brooks/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nndb.com/people/991/000029904/|title=Fred Brooks|website=www.nndb.com|access-date=2020-02-09|archive-date=2020-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126100006/https://www.nndb.com/people/991/000029904/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/10_18/b4176054953788.htm |title=Innovator: Fred Brooks |access-date=2016-01-16 |archive-date=2011-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110416030722/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/10_18/b4176054953788.htm |url-status=livedead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2550685/the-grill--fred-brooks.html|title=The Grill: Fred Brooks|first=Michael|last=Fitzgerald|date=June 7, 2010|website=Computerworld|access-date=February 9, 2020|archive-date=September 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919132209/https://www.computerworld.com/article/2550685/the-grill--fred-brooks.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Peter Brown,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/bob-mercer-peter-brown-2010-3|title=Renaissance Tech, Meet The Two Crazy New Bosses Who Might Close Two Of Your Funds|first=Courtney|last=Comstock|website=Business Insider|access-date=2020-02-09|archive-date=2021-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518184424/https://www.businessinsider.com/bob-mercer-peter-brown-2010-3|url-status=live}}</ref> Larry Carter,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~carter/|title=Larry Carter's Home Page|website=cseweb.ucsd.edu|access-date=2016-01-16|archive-date=2016-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316080559/http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~carter/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/files/-/siam_short_course.pdf|title=SIAM short course|access-date=2016-12-29|archive-date=2016-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229171715/http://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/files/-/siam_short_course.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Gregory Chaitin]], [[John Cocke (computer scientist)|John Cocke]], [[Alan Cobham (mathematician)|Alan Cobham]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://recursed.blogspot.com/2010/04/alan-cobham.html|title=Recursivity: Alan Cobham|first=Jeffrey|last=Shallit|date=March 31, 2010|access-date=January 16, 2016|archive-date=March 15, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315063312/http://recursed.blogspot.com/2010/04/alan-cobham.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Edgar F. Codd]], [[Don Coppersmith]], [[Wallace Eckert]], [[Ronald Fagin]], [[Horst Feistel]], [[Jeanne Ferrante]], [[Zvi Galil]], [[Ralph E. Gomory]], [[Jim Gray (computer scientist)|Jim Gray]], [[Joseph Halpern]], [[Kenneth E. Iverson]], [[Frederick Jelinek]], [[Reynold B. Johnson]], [[Benoit Mandelbrot]], [[Robert Mercer (businessman)|Robert Mercer]], [[C. Mohan]], [[Kirsten Moselund]], [[Michael O. Rabin]], [[Arthur Samuel (computer scientist)|Arthur Samuel]], [[Barbara Simons]], [[Alfred Spector]], [[Gardiner L. Tucker|Gardiner Tucker]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-03-07|title=IBM100 - The First Corporate Pure Science Research Laboratory|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/scientificresearch/team/|access-date=2021-07-30|website=www-03.ibm.com|language=en-US|archive-date=2017-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907024955/http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/scientificresearch/team/|url-status=livedead}}</ref> [[Moshe Vardi]], [[John Vlissides]], [[Mark N. Wegman]] and [[Shmuel Winograd]].

IBM currently has 19 research facilities spread across 12 laboratories on six continents:<ref>{{cite web |date= 9 February 2021|title=Our labs |url=https://research.ibm.com/labs/ |access-date=28 December 2022 |website=IBM Research |publisher=IBM |archive-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221032216/https://research.ibm.com/labs/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

* Brazil (SaoSão Paulo and Rio de Janeiro)

* Cambridge -– IBM Research and MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab (Cambridge, US)

* TokyoJapan (Tokyo and [[Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki|Shin-kawasakiKawasaki]])

* ZurichSwitzerland (ZurichZürich)

Historic research centers for IBM also include [[IBM La Gaude]] ([[Nice]]), the [[Cambridge Scientific Center]], the [[IBM New York Scientific Center]], [[330 North Wabash]] ([[Chicago]]), IBM Austin Research Laboratory, and [[IBM Laboratory Vienna]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=IBM Corporation|title=Some key dates in IBM's operations in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (EMEA)|url=https://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/documents/pdf/emea.pdf|website=IBM History|access-date=July 24, 2016|archive-date=October 10, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221010/https://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/documents/pdf/emea.pdf|url-status=livedead}}</ref>

In 2017, IBM invested $240 million to create the MIT–IBM Watson AI Lab. Headquartered in Cambridge, MA, the Lab is a unique joint research venture in artificial intelligence established by IBM and MIT, whichand brings together researchers in academia and industry to advance AI that has a real world impact for business, academic and society. The Lab funds approximately 50 projects per year, thatwhich are co-led by principal investigators from MIT and IBM Research, with results published regularly at top peer-reviewed journals and conferences. Projects range from computer vision, natural language processing and reinforcement learning, to devising new ways to ensure that AI systems are fair, reliable and secure.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mitibmwatsonailab.mit.edu/about/ |title=Inside the Lab |date=September 2017 |access-date=October 6, 2020 |archive-date=October 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023031838/https://mitibmwatsonailab.mit.edu/about/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

IBM Research – Almaden is in [[Almaden Valley, San Jose]], [[California]]. Its scientists perform basic and applied research in [[computer science]], services, storage systems, physical sciences, and materials science and technology.<ref name=azom>{{cite news|title=Gathering of the Most Brilliant Minds in Energy Storage to Take Place|url=http://www.azom.com/news.aspx?newsID=17759|access-date=June 9, 2012|newspaper=AZOM|date=June 23, 2009|archive-date=May 22, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522125400/http://www.azom.com/news.aspx?newsID=17759|url-status=live}}</ref>

The following are some of the famous scientists who have worked in the past or are currently working in this laboratory: [[Rakesh Agrawal (computer scientist)|Rakesh Agrawal]], [[Miklos Ajtai]], [[Rama Akkiraju]], [[John Backus]], [[Raymond F. Boyce]], [[Donald D. Chamberlin]], [[Ashok K. Chandra]], [[Edgar F. Codd]], [[Mark Dean (computer scientist)|Mark Dean]], [[Cynthia Dwork]], [[Don Eigler]], [[Ronald Fagin]], [[Jim Gray (computer scientist)|Jim Gray]], [[Laura M. Haas]], [[Jean Paul Jacob]], [[Joseph Halpern]], [[Andreas J. Heinrich]], [[Reynold B. Johnson]], [[Maria Klawe]], [[Jaishankar Menon]], [[Dharmendra Modha]], [[William E. Moerner]], [[C. Mohan]], [[Stuart Parkin]], [[Nick Pippenger]], [[Daniel M. Russell|Dan Russell]], [[Patricia Selinger]], [[Ted Selker]], [[Barbara Simons]], [[Malcolm Slaney]], [[Arnold Spielberg]], [[Ramakrishnan Srikant]], [[Larry Stockmeyer]], [[Moshe Vardi]], [[Jennifer Widom]], [[Shumin Zhai]].

IBM Research – Australia iswas a research and development laboratory established by IBM Research in 2009 in [[Melbourne]].<ref name="auto">{{cite web |date= 9 February 2021|title=Labs and locations |url=https://research.ibm.com/labs/ |access-date=28 December 2022 |website=IBM Research |archive-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221032216/https://research.ibm.com/labs/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It iswas involved in [[social media]], interactive content, healthcare analytics and services research, multimedia analytics, and genomics. The lab iswas headed by Viceseveral Presidentdirectors andover Labits Director10 years lifespan, including Vice President, Joanna Batstone. <ref>{{cite web |author= |date= 9 February 2021|title=Labs and locations |url=https://research.ibm.com/labs/ |access-date= |publisher= |archive-date=2022-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221032216/https://research.ibm.com/labs/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and Professor Iven Mareels. It was to be the company’s first laboratory combining research and development in a single organisation.<ref>{{cite web |title=IBM CHOOSES AUSTRALIA FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LABORATORY |url=http://www.austrade.gov.au/invest/doing-business-in-australia/success-stories/IBM-chooses-Australia-for-research-and-development-laboratory#.VNOPwmjF-Sp |website=austrade.gov |access-date=15 February 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150205160741/http://www.austrade.gov.au/invest/doing-business-in-australia/success-stories/IBM-chooses-Australia-for-research-and-development-laboratory%23.VNOVLn3LfK6 |archive-date=5 February 2015}}</ref>

IBM Research – Brazil is one of twelve [[research laboratory|research laboratories]] comprising IBM Research,<ref name="auto"/> its first in [[South America]].<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=IBM Research - Brazil - Locations |url=https://research.ibm.com/labs/brazil/ |access-date=28 December 2022 |website=IBM Research |date=9 February 2021 |publisher=IBM |archive-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228173259/https://research.ibm.com/labs/brazil/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was established in 2011, with locations in [[São Paulo]] and [[Rio de Janeiro]]. Research focuses on Industrial Technology and Science, Systems of Engagement and Insight, Social Data [[Analytics]] and [[Natural Resources]] Solutions.

The IBM Research – Tokyo, which was called IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory (TRL) before January 2009, is one of IBM's twelve major worldwide research laboratories.<ref>{{cite book |title=Managing synergistic innovations through corporate global R&D, Volume 173 |last=Persaud |first=Ajax |author2=Uma Kumar |year=2002 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=1-56720-463-5 |pages=82&ndash;83 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HsbQG9BbsFgC&q=IBM+New+York+Research+Laboratory+-+Managing+synergistic+innovations+through+corporate+global+R%26D&pg=PA82 |access-date=2020-10-18 |archive-date=2023-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312220523/https://books.google.com/books?id=HsbQG9BbsFgC&q=IBM+New+York+Research+Laboratory+-+Managing+synergistic+innovations+through+corporate+global+R%26D&pg=PA82 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is a branch of IBM Research, and about 200 researchers work for TRL.<ref name="TRL">{{cite web |title=IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory |url=https://research.ibm.com/labs/tokyo/ |access-date=28 December 2022 |website=IBM Research |date=9 February 2021 |publisher=IBM |archive-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228173259/https://research.ibm.com/labs/tokyo/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Established in 1982 as the Japan Science Institute (JSI) in [[Tokyo]], it was renamed to IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory in 1986, and moved to [[IBM Yamato Facility|Yamato]] in 1992 and back to [[IBM Toyosu Facility|Tokyo]] in 2012.

Dr. [[Aya Soffer]] is IBM Vice President of AI Technology and serves as the Director of the IBM Research Lab in Haifa, Israel.

IBM Research – Zurich (previously called IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, ZRL) is the European branch of IBM Research. It was opened in 1956 and is located in [[Rueschlikon, Switzerland|Rüschlikon]], near [[ZurichZürich]], [[Switzerland]].

In 1956, IBM opened their first European research laboratory in [[Adliswil]], Switzerland, near Zurich. The lab moved to its own campus in neighboring Rüschlikon in 1962. The ZurichZürich lab is staffed by a multicultural and interdisciplinary team of a few hundred permanent research staff members, graduate students and post-doctoral fellows, representing about 45 nationalities. Collocated with the lab is a ''Client Center'' (formerly the ''Industry Solutions Lab''), an executive briefing facility demonstrating technology prototypes and solutions.

The ZurichZürich lab is world-renowned for its scientific achievements—most notably Nobel Prizes in physics in 1986 and 1987 for the invention of the [[scanning tunneling microscope]]<ref name="Nobel1986">{{Cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1986/index.html |title=Nobel Prize in Physics 1986 |access-date=2020-03-21 |archive-date=2008-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917103215/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1986/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and the discovery of [[high-temperature superconductivity]],<ref name="Nobel1987">{{Cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1987/index.html |title=Nobel Prize in Physics 1987 |access-date=2020-03-21 |archive-date=2008-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919014520/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1987/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> respectively. Other key inventions include [[trellis modulation]], which revolutionized data transmission over telephone lines; [[Token Ring]], which became a standard for [[local area network]]s and a highly successful IBM product; the [[Secure Electronic Transaction]] (SET) standard used for highly secure payments; and the [[Java Card OpenPlatform]] (JCOP), a [[smart card]] [[operating system]]. Most recently the lab was involved in the development of [[SuperMUC]], a supercomputer that is cooled using hot water.

The ZurichZürich lab focus areas are future chip technologies; nanotechnology; data storage; quantum computing, brain-inspired computing; security and privacy; risk and compliance; business optimization and transformation; server systems. The ZurichZürich laboratory is involved in many joint projects with universities throughout Europe, in research programs established by the European Union and the Swiss government, and in cooperation agreements with research institutes of industrial partners. One of the lab's most high-profile projects is called [[DOME Microserver|DOME]], which is based on developing an IT roadmap for the [[Square Kilometer Array]].

The research projects pursued at the IBM ZurichZürich lab are organized into four scientific and technical departments: Science & Technology, Cloud and AI Systems Research, Cognitive Computing & Industry Solutions and Security Research. The lab is currently managed by Alessandro Curioni.

* {{owebofficial website|https://research.ibm.com}} of IBM Research