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{{short description|President of Argentina in 1827}}
{{
{{Infobox President | name='''Vicente López y Planes''' ▼
{{family name hatnote|López|Planes|lang=Spanish}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| term_start=7 July 1827▼
| order = 2nd
| term_end=17 August 1827 ▼
| office = President of Argentina
| predecessor=[[Bernardino Rivadavia]]▼
▲| term_start = 7 July 1827
▲| predecessor = [[Bernardino Rivadavia]]
| office2=18.° [[Governor of Buenos Aires Province]]▼
| term_start2=13 February 1852▼
| term_end2=26 July 1852▼
▲| term_start2 = 13 February 1852
| predecessor2=[[Juan Manuel de Rosas]]▼
▲| term_end2 = 26 July 1852
▲| successor2= [[Justo José de Urquiza]]
▲| predecessor2 = [[Juan Manuel de Rosas]]
| successor2 = [[Manuel Dorrego]]
|
|
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1856|10|10|1785|5|3}}
| spouse= Lucía Petrona Riera Merlo▼
▲| spouse = Lucía Petrona Riera Merlo
| vicepresident=▼
| party =
| profession=[[Lawyer]]▼
▲| vicepresident =
▲| profession = [[Lawyer]]
}}
'''
== Early life ==
López began his primary studies in the San Francisco School, and later studied in the Real Colegio San Carlos, today the [[Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires]]. He obtained a doctorate of laws in the [[University of Chuquisaca]]. He served as a captain in the Patriotic Regiment during the [[British invasions of the Río de la Plata|English invasions]]. After the Argentine victory he composed a poem entitled ''El triunfo argentino'' (The Argentine Triumph). He participated in the Cabildo Abierto of May 22, 1810 and supported the formation of the [[Primera Junta]]. He had good relations with [[Manuel Belgrano]]. When the royalist members of the city government of Buenos Aires were expulsed, he was elected mayor of the city; he was an enemy of the party of [[Cornelio Saavedra]] and one of the creators of the [[First Triumvirate (Argentina)|First Triumvirate]], of which he was the Treasurer.▼
Baptized Alejandro Vicente, he never used his first name.<ref>Adrián Pignatelli (May 3, 2023). «[http://Vicente%20López%20y%20Planes,%20el%20autor%20del%20Himno%20al%20que%20la%20política%20llamaba%20cuando%20las%20papas%20quemabanhttps://www.infobae.com/sociedad/2023/05/03/vicente-lopez-y-planes-el-autor-del-himno-al-que-la-politica-llamaba-cuando-las-papas-quemaban/ Vicente López y Planes, el autor del Himno al que la política llamaba cuando las papas quemaban]». Infobae. Accessed May 21, 2024. In Spanish</ref> López began his primary studies in the San Francisco School, and later studied in the Real Colegio San Carlos, today the [[Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires]]. He obtained a doctorate of laws in the [[University of Chuquisaca]]. He served as a captain in the Patriotic Regiment during the [[British invasions of the Río de la Plata|English invasions]]. After the Argentine victory he composed a poem entitled ''El triunfo argentino'' (The Argentine Triumph).
== Political life ==
López was a member of the Constituent Assembly of year XIII, representing Buenos Aires. At the request of the Assembly, he wrote the lyrics to a "patriotic march", which eventually became the [[Argentine National Anthem]]. It was a military march, whose music was composed by the [[Catalan people|Catalan]] [[Blas Parera]]; it was approved on March 11, 1813. The first public reading was at a [[tertulia]] on May 7 in the house of [[Mariquita Sánchez de Thompson]]. It displaced a different march, written by [[Esteban de Luca]], which would have been the hymn if not for the more militaristic Lopez.▼
▲
Like many other nineteenth century Argentines prominent in public life, he was a [[freemason]].<ref>The list includes [[Juan Bautista Alberdi]], [[Manuel Alberti]], [[Carlos María de Alvear]], [[Miguel de Azcuénaga]], [[Antonio González de Balcarce]], [[Manuel Belgrano]], [[Antonio Luis Beruti]], [[Juan José Castelli]], [[Domingo French]], [[Gregorio Aráoz de Lamadrid]], [[Francisco Narciso de Laprida]], [[Juan Larrea (politician)|Juan Larrea]], [[Juan Lavalle]], Vicente López y Planes, [[Bartolomé Mitre]], [[Mariano Moreno]], [[Juan José Paso]], [[Carlos Pellegrini]], [[Gervasio Antonio de Posadas]], [[Domingo Faustino Sarmiento]], and [[Justo José de Urquiza]]. [[José de San Martín]] is known to have been a member of the [[Lautaro Lodge]]; but whether the lodge was truly masonic has been debated: {{cite book|title=10,000 Famous Freemasons|last=Denslow|first=William R.|publisher=Macoy Publishing & Masonic Supply Co Inc|location=Richmond, VA|year=1957|volume=1-4|page=<!--Not paginated; entries are in alphabetical order-->}}</ref>
▲López was a member of the Constituent Assembly of year XIII, representing Buenos Aires. At the request of the Assembly, he wrote the lyrics to a "patriotic march", which eventually became the [[Argentine National Anthem]]. It was a military march, whose music was composed by the [[Catalan people|Catalan]] [[Blas Parera]]; it was approved on March 11, 1813. The first public reading was at a [[tertulia]] on May 7 in the house of [[Mariquita Sánchez de Thompson]]. It displaced a different march, written by
López participated in the government of [[Carlos María de Alvear]], and with his fall he was sent to prison. He held a few more public offices, and was then named Secretary of the Constituent Congress of 1825, and, a little later, minister for the president [[Bernardino Rivadavia]].
After the scandal of negotiations with the [[Brazilian Empire]], Rivadavia resigned the presidency. In his place, López was elected as caretaker, signing the dissolution of the Congress and calling elections in Buenos Aires. The new governor, [[Manuel Dorrego]] took charge of the ministry; this unified the federalists. When Dorrego fell from grace and was executed by firing squad by [[Juan Lavalle]], Lopez was exiled to [[Uruguay]].
== Late years == He returned in 1830 as a member of the Tribunal of Justice for [[Juan Manuel de Rosas]]. He was president of the Tribunal for many years and, among other things, presided over the judgement of the assassins of [[Juan Facundo Quiroga]]. He was president of the literary salon led by [[Marcos Sastre]], but was not part of the group known as the [[Generation of '37]], to which belonged his two sons, [[Vicente Fidel López]] and [[Lucio Vicente López]].
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==See also==
*[[List of heads of state of Argentina]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* {{Gutenberg author | id=
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Alejandro Vicente López y Planes |sopt=
* {{
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{{Authority control}}
▲|NAME = López y Planes, Vicente
▲|PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lopez Y Planes, Vicente}}
[[Category:1785 births]]
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[[Category:Argentine people of Spanish descent]]
[[Category:Presidents of Argentina]]
[[Category:19th-century Argentine lawyers]]
[[Category:National anthem writers]]
[[Category:People of the Argentine War of Independence]]
[[Category:Burials at La Recoleta Cemetery]]
[[Category:University of Charcas alumni]]
[[Category:Argentine Freemasons]]
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