Abbadid dynasty: Difference between revisions

The '''Abbadid dynasty''' or '''Abbadids''' ({{lang-langx|ar|بنو عباد|Banū ʿAbbād}}) was an [[EgyptArabs|EgyptianArab]]<ref>{{Cite [[Tribesbook of|last=Kennedy Arabia|Arab]]first=Hugh [[Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NFfJAwAAQBAJ |title=Muslim]] [[dynasty]]Spain whichand arosePortugal: inA Political History of [[al-Andalus]] on|date=2014 the|publisher=Routledge downfall|isbn=978-1-317-87041-8 of|pages=135 |language=en}}</ref> dynasty from the tribe of [[CaliphateBanu Lakhm]] of Cordoba[[al-Hirah]],<ref>{{Cite (756–1031).book After|last=Mackintosh-Smith the|first=Tim collapse,|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qw-LDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA354 there|title=Arabs were|date=2019-04-30 multiple|publisher=Yale smallUniversity MuslimPress states|isbn=978-0-300-18028-2 called|pages=354 [[taifas]],|language=en each|quote=Some ruledof bythese arulers differentwere familyof orArab tribelineage: the [[Hammudid]]s,Abbadid themini-dynasty [[Ziridof dynasty|Zayrids]]Seville, thefor Jahwaridsexample, were descendants of the Dhulpre-Nunids,Islamic theLakhmid Amirids,kings theof Tojibids,al-Hirah.}}</ref> andwhich ruled the [[BanuTaifa Hud|Hudidsof Seville]]. Ofin all[[al-Andalus]] following the fall of thesethe small[[Caliphate groups,of Cordoba]] in 1031. After the Abbadidcollapse, they were the strongestmost powerful [[Taifa]] and before long absorbed most of the others.<ref>{{harvnb|Stearns|2001|p=218}}</ref> Abbadid rule lasted from about 1023 until 1091,<ref name=EB/><ref name=col/> but during the short period of its existence it exhibited singular energy and typified its time.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Abbadides|volume=1|pages=8–9|first=David|last=Hannay|author-link=David Hannay (historian)}}</ref>

During their reign, the Abbadids also made significant contributions to the development of science, military technology and medicine.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://about-history.com/the-peak-of-islamic-science-and-technology-during-their-golden-age/=English|title= The Peak of Islamic Science and Technology During Their Golden Age |website=about-History.com|access-date=2023-04-15}}</ref> Their patronage of scholars and researchers helped to create a culture of learning that encouraged scientific inquiry and experimentation. The Abbadids' interest in science is evident in the many scientific works that were written during their reign, including the famous Book of Optics by the polymath Ibn al-Haytham.

The Abbadids had not previously played a major role in history, though they were of noble pedigree, hailing from [[Banutribe Lakhm|Lakhm]] tribe in [[Egypt]], and were among the first Arab Muslim families to settle in [[al-Andalus]] after the [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania]].{{sfn|Soravia|2011}} Abu al-Qasim's father, Isma'il ibn Abbad (died 1023) was named as ''qadi'' of Sevilla by the regent [[Almanzor]], and established his family's leading role in the city: the contemporary historian [[Ibn Hayyan]] reports that his son owned no less than third of Seville's territory, making him by far the richest man in the city.{{sfn|Soravia|2011}}