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Line 1: {{Short description\|Roman Catholic religious order for the ministry of the sick}} The '''Camillians''' or '''[[Clerics Regular]], Ministers to the Sick''' ({{lang-la\|Clerci Regulari Ministeri Infirmaribus}}) are a [[Roman Catholic]] [[religious order]], founded in 1582 by St. [[Camillus de Lellis]] (1550-1614). A large [[red cross]] was chosen by the founder as the distinguishing badge for the members of the Order to wear upon their black [[cassock]]s, which was later adopted as the international symbol of medical care. Camillians serve in 35 countries. They use the [[postnominal]] initials of '''M.I.''' (Ministri degli Infermi).▼ {{Infobox organization \| name = Clerics Regular, Ministers to the Sick \| native_name = {{langx\|la\|Clerci Regulari Ministeri Infirmaribus}} \|native_name_lang= la \| image = CamilInf.jpg \| image_size = 175px \| caption = Camillian red cross{{pb}} \| abbreviation = MI \| nickname = Camillians \| formation = {{Start date and age\|df=yes\|1586}} \| founder = {{ubl\|[[Camillus de Lellis]]}} \| founding_location = {{ubl\|[[Rome]]}} \| type = Order of [[clerics regular]] of [[pontifical right]] (for men) \| headquarters = [[Santa Maria Maddalena]], 53 Piazza della Maddalena, [[Rome]], [[Italy]] \| coords = \| region_served = Worldwide \| num_members = 1,080 \| leader_title = Ministry \| leader_name = Care for the sick \| main_organ = \| parent_organization = [[Catholic Church]] \| website = {{URL\|https://www.camilliani.org/}} }} ▲The '''Camillians''' or '''[[Clerics Regular]], Ministers to the Sick''' ({{~~lang-~~langx\|la\|Clerci Regulari Ministeri Infirmaribus}}) are a [[~~Roman~~Catholic Church\|Catholic]] [[religious order]], founded in 1582 by St. [[Camillus de Lellis]] (1550-1614). A large [[red cross]] was chosen by the founder as the distinguishing badge for the members of the Order to wear upon their black [[cassock]]s, which was later adopted as the international symbol of medical care. In the past, because of the red cross on their apparel, they were also referred to as the '''Crociferi'''. As of 2018, 1080 Camillians serve in 35 countries. They use the [[postnominal]] initials of '''M.I.''' (Ministri degli Infermi). ==History== ===Camillus de Lellis=== ~~De Lellis~~Camillus lived much of his early life as a soldier, following his father's path. When his regiment was disbanded, he happened to find work as a laborer for a [[Capuchin Friars Minor\|Capuchin]] [[friary]]. One of the friars led him to a religious conversion, after which he sought admission to the Capuchin Order. The Capuchins were willing to accept de Lellis as a candidate. He had sustained a leg wound, however, in the course of his military career, which would not heal. After examination, it was declared incurable by physicians. He then moved to [[Rome]], where he took up residence in a hospital dedicated to the care of the incurably ill, the [[San Giacomo degli Incurabili]]. As he progressed in his spiritual life, he noticed the poor care given the patients by the attendants of the hospital.<ref name=Sicari>[http://www.camilliani.org/en/the-first-years/ Sicari, Antonio. ''Ritratti di Santi'', Jaca]</ref> ===Order of the Ministers of the Sick=== De Lellis invited some young men he had come to know through his religious circles to care for the patients for a more concrete expression of their faith. They began to work at the [[Ospedale di Santo Spirito in Sassia]] in Rome, and demonstrated a level of commitment, which caused him to consider forming a religious community to provide this care for the sick. He received [[Holy Orders]] to this end, and both he and his disciples took [[religious vows]]. De Lellis thereby established the Order of '''Clerics Regular, Ministers to the Sick'''.<ref name=Sicari/> His experience in wars led him to establish a group of [[health care]] workers who would assist soldiers on the battlefield. In response to a request of the Pope, Camillus sent religious to Hungary to care for wounded or sick soldiers. The large, red cross on their [[religious habit]]s, which they adopted as a sign of their vocation to medical care, remains a symbol of the Order. Camillians today continue to identify themselves with this emblem on their habits, a symbol universally recognized today as the sign of charity and service. This was the original Red Cross, hundreds of years before the [[International Red Cross]] was formed. In 1586 the group obtained the approval of [[Pope Sixtus V]] and in 1591 [[Pope Gregory XIV]] gave them the status of an Order with the name of ‘Order of the Ministers of the Sick’.<ref name=ordine>[http://www.camilliani.org/en/a-short-history-of-the-order/ Ordine dei Ministri degli Infermi]</ref> ~~During~~According to Camillians, during the ~~Battle~~[[siege of ~~Canizza~~Nagykanizsa]] in 1601, while Camillians were busily occupied with the wounded, the tent in which they were tending to the sick and in which they had all of their equipment and supplies was completely destroyed and burned to the ground. Everything in the tent was destroyed, except for the red cross of the habit belonging to one of the Camillians who was ministering to the wounded on the battlefield. This event was taken by the community as manifesting divine approval of the Red Cross of St. Camillus.~~<ref>[http://www.camillians.org/TheCommunity.php Website of the Camillan Fathers]</ref>~~ ~~Members of the Order also devoted themselves to victims of the [[bubonic plague]].~~ It was due to the efforts of the Brothers and alleged supernatural healings by de Lellis that the people of Rome credited De Lellis with ridding the city of a great plague and the subsequent famine. For a time, he became known as the "Saint of Rome". By the time of his death in 1614, Camillians served in eight hospitals, including ones in Naples, Genoa, Milan and Mantua.<ref name=Sicari/> In 1630 a plague devastated the north and centre of Italy. Over a hundred Camillians provided assistance to the plague-stricken and fifty-six religious died while providing them service. In the years 1656-57 another plague in Italy led to the death of eighty-six Camillian religious who were looking after the plague-stricken.<ref name=ordine/> Annually, on May 25 the order commemorates the "Camillian Martyrs of Charity", all those Camillian priests and brothers who died after contracting diseases in the course of ministering to the sick.<ref name=usa/> ===Expansion=== The Irish province developed from the French Province. Started by Fr. Terence O'Rourke in Westmeath in 1935, it became an official province in 1946. After the war the Irish Province spread to England, set up houses in Birmingham, London and Hexham and became known as the Anglo-Irish Province. During the early 60s, two members were sent to Perth, Australia. In 2000 the Anglo-Irish Province opened a Mission in Uganda.<ref>[http://www.orderofstcamillus.ie/anglo-irish-province Order of St. Camillus, Anglo-Irish Province]</ref> As of 2014, there were fifteen members of the Anglo-Irish Province.<ref>[https://www.catholicireland.net/cardinal-st-camillus/ MacDonald, Sarah. "Vatican cardinal pays tribute to Irish Camillians", ''Catholic Ireland'', July 16, 2014]</ref> The presence of the Camillians in Asia, which began in 1943 in China. In Taiwan the order operates the 700 bed St. Mary's Hospital, a 230-bed center for the mentally disabled, a home for the elderly with 150 beds, and a nursing school with more than 3 thousand students.<ref>[http://www.fides.org/en/news/64013-ASIA_TAIWAN_The_Camillians_in_Asia_The_life_of_the_Spirit_walks_in_the_mission "The Camillians in Asia", ''Agenzia Fides'', April 10, 2018]</ref> Camillians arrived in Thailand in 1952. A small clinic in Baan Pong, Ratchaburi province, later became San Camillo Hospital. They also run Camillian Hospital.<ref>[http://www.camilliansocialcare.org/camillian-in-thailand/ Camillians in Thailand]</ref> In 1975, the first Camillian Community in the Philippines was established in Quezon City under the Lombardo-Venetian Province. The Vice-Province in India was first established in 1980 in Kerala by Fr. Antonio Crotti of the Lombardo Venetian (Italy) Province. In 1997, Camillians undertook a healthcare initiative for the care and support of people living with HIV. This is in addition, and complementary to their ministries in pastoral care, especially with palliative care for cancer patients, and in jail ministry.<ref name="Order of St. Camillus, India">[http://camilliansindia.org/ Order of St. Camillus, India]</ref> The order runs fifty-six hospitals in Brazil.<ref name=lastampa/> In the U.S. it operates a number of home health care services. ==Current status== As of 2018, the Order of St. Camillus serves in 42 countries.<ref name=usa>[http://www.camillians.org/#ministry Order of St. Camillus USA]</ref> The Order is made up of about 1080 priests and brothers,<ref>[http://www.camillianphil.com/history Order of the Ministers of the Infirm, Philippines]{{Dead link\|date=July 2020 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> engaged in a variety of ministries. The priests work mainly in the area of spiritual care for the sick and the brothers provide trained physical care. Besides the common three vows, the members of the Order take a fourth vow to serve the poor sick, even when they are infectious, even at the risk to their own lives.<ref name="Order of St. Camillus, India"/> [[The Very Reverend]] Father Renato Salvatore, M.I., is the current [[Superior General]], as of September 2012. He was immediately named by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] to serve as one of the papally-appointed, non-[[bishop (Catholic Church)\|episcopal]], participants, representing the Church's religious orders, for the October 2012 13th Ordinary General Assembly of the [[Synod of Bishops (Catholic)\|Synod of Bishops]] on the New [[Evangelization]].<ref>http://www.microsofttranslator.com/BV.aspx?ref=IE8Activity&a=https%3A%2F%2Fround-lake.dustinice.workers.dev%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fpress.catholica.va%2Fnews_services%2Fbulletin%2Fnews%2F29687.php%3Findex%3D29687%26po_date%3D18.09.2012%26lang%3Den</ref> Salvatore was arrested in November 2013 and charged with unlawfully detaining two priests to prevent them voting against him in the election for the Superior General.<ref>Tom Kington, "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/07/italian-religious-order-leader-arrested-camillians Head of Italian religious order held in corruption inquiry]", ''The Guardian'', 7 November 2013</ref>▼ When flooding would periodically cause the Tiber River to top its banks, Camillus worked to bring the patients of the Hospital of the Holy Spirit to safety. Today the Camillian Task Force Order responds to natural or man-made disasters.<ref name=ordine/> Members of the Lay Camillian Family work beside the Camillians in various ministries as nurses, caregivers, pastoral caregivers, and extraordinary ministers of the Eucharist. ▲<section begin=Controversies involving Catholic organizations transclusion/>[[The Very Reverend]] Father Renato Salvatore, M.I., is the current [[Superior General]], as of September 2012. He was ~~immediately~~ named by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] to serve as one of the papally-appointed, non-[[bishop (Catholic Church)\|episcopal]], participants, representing the Church's religious orders, for the October 2012 13th Ordinary General Assembly of the [[Synod of Bishops (Catholic)\|Synod of Bishops]] on the New [[Evangelization]].<ref>http://www.microsofttranslator.com/BV.aspx?ref=IE8Activity&a=https%3A%2F%2Fround-lake.dustinice.workers.dev%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fpress.catholica.va%2Fnews_services%2Fbulletin%2Fnews%2F29687.php%3Findex%3D29687%26po_date%3D18.09.2012%26lang%3Den</ref> Salvatore was arrested in November 2013 and charged with unlawfully detaining two priests to prevent them voting against him in the election for the Superior General.<ref>Tom Kington, "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/07/italian-religious-order-leader-arrested-camillians Head of Italian religious order held in corruption inquiry]", ''The Guardian'', 7 November 2013</ref> Fr. Leocir Pessini, was elected the new Superior General.<ref name=lastampa>[http://www.lastampa.it/2014/07/14/vaticaninsider/camillians-salvatores-arrest-was-the-result-of-a-crisis-of-governance-says-fr-pessini-N64j4XirP3O1Obe3HSTk9M/pagina.html "Camillians: Salvatore’s arrest was the result of a 'crisis of governance', says Fr. Pessini", ''La Stampa'', July 14, 2014]</ref><section end=Controversies involving Catholic organizations transclusion/> Camillians celebrate November 16 as the Virgin ~~Mary’s~~Mary's feast day of Our Lady Health of the Sick. On May 25 they commemorate the "Camillian Martyrs of Charity", all those Camillian priests and brothers who died after contracting diseases contracted in the course of ministering to the sick.<ref name=usa/> ==Structure == ~~As of 2017, the Order of St. Camillus serves in 35 countries.<ref name=usa>[http://www.camillians.org/#ministry Order of St. Camillus USA]</ref>~~ The Order is divided into [[Ecclesiastical Province]]s (the main level of geographical jurisdictions), some of which have Delegations and/or Foundations in other continents; they are distributed geographically as follows: [[Europe]] is divided into 11 Provinces (four of which are in [[Italy]]), and four Foundations; [[Asia]] into one Province, three Delegations and four Foundations; [[Africa]] into two Delegations and five Foundations; [[Australia]] into one Delegation. ===Provinces === Line 32 ⟶ 73: * [[North-America]]n Province * [[Piedmont]]ese Province (north western Italy) * The [[Philippine]] Province ~~with [[Taiwan]] and [[Australia]] as Delegations (known earlier as the Far East Province)~~ Taiwan Australia * Polish Province * Roman Province * Sicilian-Neapolitan Province (southern Italy) * Spanish Province * Province of Thailand ×* Indian ~~province~~Province ===Foundations === {{Columns-list\|colwidth=30em\| * [[Armenia]] * [[Benin]] Line 51 ⟶ 96: * [[Madagascar]] * [[Tanzania]] }} ===Delegations === {{Columns-list\|colwidth=30em\| * [[Burkina Faso]] * [[Argentina]] Line 58 ⟶ 105: * [[Colombia]] * [[Peru]] * [[India]] * [[Kenya]] * [[~~Thailand~~Vietnam]] * [[Indonesia]] * [[Pakistan]] }} ==See also== * [[Maria Domenica Brun Barbantini]], founder of Camillian Sisters ==References== {{Reflist}} ~~==Sources==~~ [http://www.camillians.org/ North American Province website] [http://www.camilliansindia.org Indian Vice Province website] ==External links== * [http://www.camilliani.org/en/ Camillian website] * [https://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/speeches/2000/apr-jun/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_20000515_camilliani.html Pope John Paul II, "Message to the Camillian Family on the 450th of their Founder's Birth", May 15, 2000] ~~{{Reflist}}~~ {{Catholic religious orders}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Camillians\| ]] [[Category:~~Roman~~ Catholic religious orders established in the 16th century]] [[Category:1582 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:~~Roman~~ Catholic nursing orders]] [[Category:Religious organizations established in the 1580s]]