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{{short description|Ecclesiastical body in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints}}
{{About|the priesthood office of Seventy within The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|usages of the term Seventy within the broader Latter Day Saint movement|Seventy (Latter Day Saints)}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2024}}
'''Seventy''' is a [[Priesthood (LDS Church)|priesthood]] office in the [[Melchizedek priesthood (Latter Day Saints)|Melchizedek priesthood]] of [[
==History of the seventy in the LDS Church==
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===Area seventies and additional quorums of seventy===
{{see also|List of area seventies of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints}}
At the church's April 1995 [[General Conference (LDS Church)|general conference]], Hinckley announced the creation of a new leadership position known as the '''[[List of area seventies of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|area authority]]'''.<ref>[[Gordon B. Hinckley]], [https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1995/05/this-work-is-concerned-with-people?lang=eng “This Work Is Concerned with People”], ''[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]]'', May 1995, p. 51.</ref> The area authorities were to replace the [[regional representatives of the Twelve|regional representatives]] who had served as bridge of leadership between the general authorities and the local [[Stake president|stake]] and [[mission president]]s. In 1997, it was decided that area authorities would be ordained to the office of seventy. As a result, these area authorities were renamed '''area authority seventies''', and the church announced that these new seventies would become members of the newly created Third, Fourth, and Fifth Quorums of the Seventy.<ref>[[Gordon B. Hinckley]], [https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1997/05/may-we-be-faithful-and-true?lang=eng “May We Be Faithful and True”], ''[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]]'', May 1997, p. 4.</ref> Later, the title "area authority seventy" was shortened to '''area seventy''', which is the title currently in use.
Area seventies serve in the various geographic regions of the world called ''[[Area (LDS Church)|areas]]'' in which the church is governed by area presidencies.
In 2004, the Fifth Quorum of the Seventy was divided to create the Sixth Quorum.<ref>[https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/2004/07/news-of-the-church/first-presidency-announces-creation-of-the-sixth-quorum-of-the-seventy?lang=eng “First Presidency Announces Creation of the Sixth Quorum of the Seventy”], ''[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]]'', July 2004, p. 74.</ref>
In May 2005, the Seventh and Eighth quorums were created. The Fourth Quorum, which had served [[Mexico]], [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]], had grown to 72 members, and was split into the Fourth and Seventh Quorums. The Eighth Quorum was created to allow better geographic organization of the Third Quorum (not because the number of members exceeded seventy). The Third Quorum previously covered all of [[Africa]], [[Asia]], [[Australia]], [[Europe]] and the western islands of the [[Pacific]]. The new Eighth Quorum serves [[South Asia|Southern Asia]], [[Australia]], and the western islands of the [[Pacific]]. The Third Quorum continued to serve [[Africa]], northern [[Asia]], and [[Europe]].<ref>[https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/2005/07/news-of-the-church/seventh-and-eighth-quorums-of-the-seventy-announced?lang=eng “Seventh and Eighth Quorums of the Seventy Announced"], ''[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]]'', July 2005, p. 74.</ref>
By August 2019, with new areas having been created or existing areas consolidated with others, the Third Quorum then included area seventies in Africa and Europe, with the Fourth Quorum including those serving in the Caribbean, Central America, Mexico, and South America Northwest areas. The Fifth Quorum had been composed of those area seventies serving in the North America West and Utah areas, with the Sixth Quorum composed of the North America Central, North America Northeast, North America Southeast, and North America Southwest areas. The Seventh Quorum included those serving in the Brazil and South America South areas, while the Eighth Quorum was composed of area seventies serving in the Asia, Asia North, Philippines, and Pacific areas.
Subsequently, effective June 1, 2020, four new Quorums of the Seventy were created, and the geographical distribution of the
*'''Third Quorum'''–Africa Central,<ref>The creation of this area was announced through [https://news-za.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/africa-southeast-area-to-be-divided-into-two-areas this article]</ref> Africa South, and Africa West areas.
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*'''Fifth Quorum'''–Brazil Area.
*'''Sixth Quorum'''–Caribbean, Central America, and Mexico areas.
*'''Seventh Quorum'''–Europe Central, Europe East, Europe North,<ref>The division of Europe Areas was announced [https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/first-presidency-announces-2022-area-leadership-assignments#:~:text=Area%20leadership%20assignments%20have%20been,North%2C%20which%20are%20effective%20immediately here] in April 2022.</ref> and Middle East/Africa North areas.
*'''Eighth Quorum'''–Philippines and Pacific areas.
*'''Ninth Quorum'''–South America Northwest and South America South areas;
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|1976–85
|First Quorum of the Seventy; <br/>Presidency of the Seventy (1980–85)
|Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (
|-
|
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| Presidency of the Seventy (2013–2018)<br>First Quorum of the Seventy (2005–2018)
| Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (2018–)
|-▼
|
| [[Patrick Kearon]]
| 2010-2023
| Presidency of the Seventy (2017-2023)<br>First Quorum of the Seventy (2010-2023)
| Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (2023- )
|}
===Other noteworthy seventies===
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
! width="75" |
! width="160" | Name
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|
|[[Gladden Bishop]]
|
|Local seventy
|Abandoned the church in 1842 and established his own Latter Day Saint sect after 1844
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|[[File:Clayton Christensen World Economic Forum 2013.jpg|70px]]
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | [[Clayton M. Christensen]]
| 2002-2009
▲|
|Area Seventy; Sixth Quorum of the Seventy
|Professor at [[Harvard Business School]]
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|[[File:Zenas H. Gurley, Sr.jpg|70px]]
|[[Zenas H. Gurley]]
| style="white-space:nowrap;" |
|Local seventy
|Led a group of dissenters after 1844 and in 1853 became an apostle in the [[Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints]]
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|
|A. Roger Merrill
|2000<ref>[https://www.thechurchnews.com/2000/4/15/23246687/new-area-authority-seventies-11 New Area Authority Seventies, April 2000]</ref>–2004
|Area seventy
|General President of the [[Sunday School (LDS Church)|Sunday School]] (2004–09)
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{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
As of 2021, the Quorums of the Seventy are organized into twelve quorums with a presidency of seven. The seventy act as emissaries of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and First Presidency of the church in organizing, training, proselytizing, and administering to millions of people scattered all across the globe. The seventy are the layer between local church administration and general church administration.
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This means that the seventies have the power to do anything required to organize and administer the church, as long as they do so under the direction of the First Presidency or the Quorum of the Twelve ([https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/107.33-34?lang=eng D&C 107:33–34]). They do not, as quorums, preside over the church by their own authority unless the First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve are no longer in existence. Apart from the seven presidents of the seventy, seventies do not hold priesthood keys but are delegated the necessary keys to perform their duties. Seventies hold apostolic authority in the sense of being “especial witnesses of Christ.”<ref name = Tingey2002/> and the Quorums of the Seventy may become the presiding authority over the church if the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve cease to exist.
{{LDS70pres}}
Historically, seven members of the First Quorum of the Seventy were called to serve as the Presidency of the Seventy. This precedent was broken, however, when in 2004 [[Robert C. Oaks]] of the Second Quorum of the Seventy was sustained to fill the vacancy created by [[Dieter F. Uchtdorf]]'s call to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. The church now states that the seven presidents are drawn from General Authority Seventies.<ref name = tingey>Earl C. Tingey, [https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/liahona/2005/08/the-quorums-of-the-seventy?lang=eng “The Quorums of the Seventy”], ''[[Liahona (magazine)|Liahona]]'', August 2005, pp. 30–32.</ref>
Historically, members of the Presidency of the Seventy would often serve as heads of various church ecclesiastical departments. This practice changed in 2004, when area presidencies in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]] were dissolved; these [[Area (LDS Church)|areas]] were put directly under the jurisdiction of the Presidency of the Seventy.<ref>[https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/2004/08/news-of-the-church/new-area-leadership-assignments?lang=eng “New Area Leadership Assignments”], ''[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]]'', August 2004, pp. 76–77.</ref>
In April 2018, church leaders announced that, effective August 1, 2018, three-man presidencies composed of General Authority Seventies would once again oversee areas in the US and Canada. These areas will continue to be administered from church headquarters. The church indicated this will enable the Presidency of the Seventy to more fully assist the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and to fill other assignments as needed.
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The Presidency of the Seventy is unique in the church in that not only are there seven members but all seven hold the priesthood "keys" of presidency.<ref>[https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/handbook-2-administering-the-church/priesthood-principles/priesthood-principles?lang=eng "Priesthood Keys"], ''[[Handbook (LDS Church)|Handbook 2: Administering the Church]]'' (2010, Salt Lake City, Utah: LDS Church) § 2.1.1.</ref> The man with the longest tenure of uninterrupted service in the presidency is called to preside over the other six as the presiding president or senior president of the seventy.
* Carl B. Cook (March 31, 2018, Senior President January 17, 2024).<ref name="Apr 2018 changes" >[https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/new-general-authority-seventies-called-released-april-2018-general-conference], ''Mormon Newsroom'', 31 March 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.</ref><ref name="70 Pres Jan 2024" >[https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/presidency-of-the-seventy-leadership-2024 New Leadership Assignments in the Presidency of the Seventy], ''Newsroom'', churchofjesuschrist.org, 17 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.</ref>▼
▲* Carl B. Cook (March 31, 2018).<ref name="Apr 2018 changes" >[https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/new-general-authority-seventies-called-released-april-2018-general-conference], ''Mormon Newsroom'', 31 March 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.</ref>
* Jose A. Teixeira (August 1, 2018).<ref name="Aug 2018 changes" >[https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/church/news/church-adds-area-presidencies-for-us-and-canada-announces-other-2018-assignments?lang=eng Church Adds Area Presidencies for U. S. and Canada, Announces Other 2018 Assignments], churchofjesuschrist.org, 5 April 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.</ref><ref name="Oaks Apr 2018" >In an unusual move, President [[Dallin H. Oaks]] led the Church in sustaining these changes during the April 2018 General Conference, 4 months before they would go into effect, marking perhaps the first time this occurred in Church history. That can be verified [https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/general-conference/2018/04/the-sustaining-of-church-officers?lang=eng here]).</ref>
* S. Mark Palmer (August 1, 2021)<ref name="Aug 2021 changes" >[https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/first-presidency-announces-2021-area-leader-assignments First Presidency Announces 2021 Area Leadership Assignments], ''Newsroom'', churchofjesuschrist.org, 19 April 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2024.</ref>
* Carlos A. Godoy (August 1, 2018).<ref name="Aug 2018 changes" /><ref name="Oaks Apr 2018" />▼
* Marcus B. Nash (January 17, 2024)<ref name="70 Pres Jan 2024" />
* [[Michael T. Ringwood]] (August 1, 2024)<ref name="Aug 2024 changes" >[https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/first-presidency-announces-2024-area-leadership-assignments First Presidency Announces 2024 Area Leadership Assignments], ''Newsroom'', churchofjesuschrist.org, 19 April 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.</ref>
*
▲*
The First Quorum of the Seventy are general authorities, meaning they have authority throughout the church. They usually serve until their 70th birthday or until their health fails them, at which time they are given [[emeritus]] status and released from active service as a general authority.<ref name = tingey/>
Members of the First Quorum of the Seventy serve under the direction of the [[Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church)|Quorum of the Twelve]] and the Presidency of the Seventy. They do not generally visit local units of the church, teach or give sermons in church meetings except when given specific assignment. Often, members of this quorum will accompany the Twelve on their visits to missions and stakes throughout the church. Other times, they will be sent to act in behalf of the Quorum of the Twelve to stake conferences and to provide training and support to stakes, missions, areas, and temples. As general authorities, members of the First Quorum are often asked to speak at church general conferences.
Members of the Second Quorum of the Seventy serve in the same role to that of the First Quorum. They are general authorities, which means they have authority throughout the church and are frequently asked to speak in general conference. They are typically called to serve for approximately five to six years.<ref name = tingey/> Prior to October 2015, upon their release, these men ceased to be general authorities or members of the Second Quorum of the Seventy. However, although no specific change in policy or practice was announced, at the church's general conference in October 2015, those released from the Second Quorum of the Seventy were designated as emeritus general authorities for the first time.<ref name="2ndQuorumEmeritus" /> One of these men, [[Bruce A. Carlson]], is not 70 years old, having it appear the practice may continue to be related to length of service for their release and emeritus designation, rather than specifically age. Also in October 2015, some former members of the Second Quorum of Seventy who had been released in prior years, received letters from the church's First Presidency designating them as emeritus general authorities.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} In all cases, they retain the priesthood office of seventy.
In 2015, the church stopped publicly differentiating between members of the First and Second Quorums of the Seventy, using the more generic term "General Authority Seventies."
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By April 2016, biographies of all members of both quorums used only the generic designation. Though all general authority seventies still serve in one of those two quorums (First or Second), such affiliations are now no longer publicized, which constituted an official change in church practice.
Although no longer fully functioning general authorities, [[emeritus]] general authorities may be asked to be [[temple president]]s or [[mission president]]s. Prior to October 2015, with the exception of [[Eldred G. Smith]] (Patriarch to the Church) and three other men (who were formerly in the Presiding Bishopric) all emeritus general authorities in church history had served as members of the First Quorum of the Seventy. Although no specific change in policy or practice was announced, at the church's general conference in October 2015, those released from the Second Quorum of the Seventy were designated as emeritus general authorities for the first time.<ref name="2ndQuorumEmeritus">{{citation |url= https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/releases-announced-at-october-2015-general-conference |title= Releases Announced at October 2015 General Conference |work= Newsroom |date= 3 October 2015 |publisher= [[LDS Church]] }}</ref> They remain general authorities until their deaths, but an emeritus general authority is not a member of a seventies quorum. [[John K. Carmack]], the former head of the [[Perpetual Education Fund]] and [[W. Rolfe Kerr]], a former [[Church Commissioner of Education]], are both emeritus general authorities. [[Jacob de Jager]] served as a [[Bishop (Latter Day Saints)|bishop]] after he was given emeritus status. In the general conference meeting in which [[Ezra Taft Benson]] was first sustained as president of the church, the emeritus general authorities were [[Common consent (Latter Day Saints)|sustained]].<ref>[https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1986/05/solemn-assembly-and-sustaining-of-church-officers?lang=eng "Solemn Assembly and Sustaining of Church Officers,”] ''[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]]'', May 1986, p. 73.</ref> However, when [[Howard W. Hunter]] was sustained as president of the church the emeritus general authorities were not mentioned in the list of church officials that were sustained.<ref>[https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1994/11/the-solemn-assembly-sustaining-of-church-officers?lang=eng “The Solemn Assembly Sustaining of Church Officers,”] ''[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]]'', Nov 1994, p. 4.</ref>
[[List of area seventies of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|Members]] of the Third through Twelfth Quorums of the Seventy are not general authorities, and generally maintain their non-religious vocations. Unlike apostles and members of the First and Second quorums, they do not relocate to [[Salt Lake City]] in order to be close to church headquarters. Members of these quorums are '''area seventies'''. As assigned, they carry out the duties typically carried out by members of the First and Second quorums of Seventy,<ref name = tingey/> which include reorganizing and creating stakes, training stake presidencies, presiding at stake conferences, serving in area presidencies, touring missions, and training mission presidents. They serve in their callings for approximately six to ten years. Upon their release, they cease to be area seventies and members of a quorum of the seventy, but retain the priesthood office of seventy. They live and serve in the respective areas of the church shown below.
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* Twelfth Quorum–[[Utah]] area.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Taylor|first=Scott|date=2020-05-19|title=First Presidency announces the creation of 4 additional quorums of Area Seventies|url=https://www.thechurchnews.com/global/2020-05-19/area-seventies-four-more-quorums-geographic-realignment-184407|access-date=2020-09-20|website=The Church News}}</ref>
Members of the First and Second Quorums of Seventy receive the [[sealing power]] which authorizes them to [[Sealing (Latter Day Saints)|seal]] husbands to wives, and children to their parents, in any of the church's [[Temple (LDS Church)|temples]]. Members of the other
==Notes==
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[[Category:1835 in Christianity]]
[[Category:Latter Day Saint hierarchy]]
[[Category:Priesthood offices of
[[Category:Seventies (LDS Church)| ]]
[[Category:Seventy disciples|*LDS Church]]
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