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Line 1: {{Short description\|1962 military rebellion in Venezuela}} {{Infobox military conflict \| conflict = El Porteñazo Line 6 ⟶ 7: \| partof = \| date = 2–6 June 1962 \| place = ~~{{Flag\|~~[[Venezuela}}]] \| result = Government victory \| combatants_header = Government-Insurgents    \| combatant2 = {{nowrap\|{{flagicon\|Venezuela\|1954}} Military rebels}} \| combatant1 = {{nowrap\|{{flagicon\|Venezuela\|1954}} [[Government of Venezuela\|Venezuelan government]]}} \| milstrength1 = [[Armed Forces of Venezuela]] \| milstrength2 = Rebel forces \| polstrength1 = \| polstrength2 = \| commander2 = {{flagicon\|Venezuela\|1954}} Manuel Ponte Rodríguez<br /> {{flagicon\|Venezuela\|1954}} Pedro Medina Silva<br /> {{flagicon\|Venezuela\|1954}} Víctor Hugo Morales \| commander1 = {{flagicon\|Venezuela\|1954}} [[Rómulo Betancourt]]<br />{{flagicon\|Venezuela\|1954}} Alfredo Monch<br /> {{flagicon\|Venezuela\|1954}} Ricardo Sosa Rios \| casualties3 = +400+ dead and 700 injured<ref name=VT/> }} '''El Porteñazo''' (2 June 1962 – 6 June 1962) was a short-lived Communist<ref>{{cite encyclopedia \|last=Azzellini \|first=Dario \|editor-last=Ness \|editor-first=Immanuel \|editor-link=Immanuel Ness \|encyclopedia=The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest. 1500 to the Present. \|title=Venezuela, Military Uprisings, 1960-1962 \|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338701255_Venezuela_Military_Uprisings_1960-1962 \|format=pdf \|date=April 2009 \|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. \|doi=10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp1526 \|accessdate=2023-06-06 }}</ref> military rebellion against the government of [[Rómulo Betancourt]] in [[Venezuela]], in which rebels attempted to take over the city of [[Puerto Cabello]], located ~{{convert\|75\|mi\|km}} West of the capital [[Caracas]].<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://en.ultimasnoticias.com.ve/noticias/politica/plomazon-de-el-portenazo-retumba-60-anos-despues/ \| title=Plomazón of El Porteñazo resounds 60 years later \| language=en \| publisher=Ultimas Noticias \| first=Eduardo \| last=Chapellin \| date=2 June 2022 \| accessdate=20 August 2022}}</ref> The rebellion was on a substantially larger scale than that of ''[[El Carupanazo]]'' a month earlier. On 2 June 1962, units led by navy Captains Manuel Ponte Rodríguez, Pedro Medina Silva and Víctor Hugo Morales went into rebellion.<ref name=VT>{{esin ~~icon~~lang\|es}} venezuelatuya.com, [http://www.venezuelatuya.com/historia/carupanazo_portenazo.htm El Carupanazo y El Porteñazo]</ref> The 55th National Guard Detachment declined to participate. The rebellion was crushed by ~~the 3rd of~~3 June, leaving more than 400 dead and 700 injured, and by ~~the 6th of~~6 June the rebels' stronghold of [[Solano Castle]] had fallen.<ref name=VT/>▼ '''El Porteñazo''' (2 June 1962 – 6 June 1962) was a short-lived military rebellion against the government of [[Rómulo Betancourt]] in [[Venezuela]], in which rebels attempted to take over the city of [[Puerto Cabello]] ({{convert\|60\|mi\|km}} from the capital). The rebellion was on a substantially larger scale than that of ''[[El Carupanazo]]'' a month earlier. A photograph of chaplain Luis María Padilla holding a wounded soldier during the rebellion won the 1963 [[Pulitzer Prize for Photography]] and 1962 [[World Press Photo of the Year]] for Héctor Rondón of ''[[La República (Caracas)\|''La República'']]''.<ref>{{esin ~~icon~~lang\|es}} ''[[Ultimas Noticias]]'', 5 June 2012, [http://www.ultimasnoticias.com.ve/la-propia-foto/del-archivo-de-la-cadena-capriles--el-portenazo.aspx?page=5 Del archivo de la Cadena Capriles: El Porteñazo] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925132446/http://www.ultimasnoticias.com.ve/la-propia-foto/del-archivo-de-la-cadena-capriles--el-portenazo.aspx?page=5 \|date=25 September 2015 }}, accessed 12 June 2012</ref><ref>The photo can be seen here: poyi.org, [http://archive.poyi.org/items/show/4731 Aid From the Padre]</ref><ref>Chapellin, Eduardo (2 de Junio de 2022). «Plomazón of El Porteñazo resounds 60 years later» (em inglês). Ultimas Noticias</ref>▼ ▲On 2 June 1962, units led by navy Captains Manuel Ponte Rodríguez, Pedro Medina Silva and Víctor Hugo Morales went into rebellion.<ref name=VT>{{es icon}} venezuelatuya.com, [http://www.venezuelatuya.com/historia/carupanazo_portenazo.htm El Carupanazo y El Porteñazo]</ref> The 55th National Guard Detachment declined to participate. The rebellion was crushed by the 3rd of June, leaving more than 400 dead and 700 injured, and by the 6th of June the rebels' stronghold of [[Solano Castle]] had fallen.<ref name=VT/> ▲A photograph of chaplain Luis María Padilla holding a wounded soldier during the rebellion won the 1963 [[Pulitzer Prize for Photography]] and 1962 [[World Press Photo of the Year]] for Héctor Rondón of ''[[La República (Caracas)\|''La República'']]''.<ref>{{es icon}} ''[[Ultimas Noticias]]'', 5 June 2012, [http://www.ultimasnoticias.com.ve/la-propia-foto/del-archivo-de-la-cadena-capriles--el-portenazo.aspx?page=5 Del archivo de la Cadena Capriles: El Porteñazo] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925132446/http://www.ultimasnoticias.com.ve/la-propia-foto/del-archivo-de-la-cadena-capriles--el-portenazo.aspx?page=5 \|date=25 September 2015 }}, accessed 12 June 2012</ref><ref>The photo can be seen here: poyi.org, [http://archive.poyi.org/items/show/4731 Aid From the Padre]</ref> == Testimonies == [[File:Aid from the Padre.jpg\|thumb\|"Aid from the Padre", Héctor Rondón's Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph of a priest providing comfort to a wounded soldier during the fighting]] Different stories retelling the event mourned Venezuela, taking the rebellion as an unjust and unnecessary act of war. Many reconciled what had happened according to their personal and political affiliations. Alí Brett<ref>Alí Brett Martínez, writer and social communicator who investigated the events in Puerto Cabello. He witnessed what happened.</ref> wrote, according to his investigation: {{~~cita~~blockquote\|After 6am on Sunday the masonry of Solano Castle began receiving the impact of bombs. When the bombing began, we were in the neighbourhood "[[Las Tejerías]]" a few metres from the old fortress, which, for the first time in several centuries was a victim of an attack of this nature.}} {{~~cita~~blockquote\|The fort was an enigma of the uprising and much was speculated about its power. All of the stories told of the advantages and strategic position of the "Black Burro" (a popular name for the antique cannon). People knowledgeable of this weapon know that if it was fired, even only once, Puerto Cabello would disappear.}} {{~~cita~~blockquote\|Barely keeping up during the insurgency, the marines raised the Naval Base to guard the fort, whose inhabitants, by this day, Monday the 4th of June, were already dead. The presence of the executive officials and some military leaders clarified the mystery that had almost become the truth during the course of events, due to ill-founded stories.}}▼ ▲{{cita\|Barely keeping up during the insurgency, the marines raised the Naval Base to guard the fort, whose inhabitants, by this day, Monday the 4th of June, were already dead. The presence of the executive officials and some military leaders clarified the mystery that had almost become the truth during the course of events, due to ill-founded stories.}} He concludes his investigation by saying: {{~~cita~~blockquote\|That the fort could be used as a point of operations for the rebels signifies one of the many known military errors of the event; after the appearance of the airplane as an element of war, these strengths were of no strategic effect.}} <!--Don Enrique Aristeguieta<ref>Doctor Enrique Aristeguieta Gramcko, testimonio histórico «La Guerra Psicológica» </ref> da su testimonio relatándolo así:▼ <!--[[Archivo:Fortin 3 fotos.PNG\|thumb\|left\|350px\|Bombardeo del Fortín Solano desatado en el Porteñazo. Alí Brett Martinez observaría: «después de la aparición del avión como elemento de guerra, estas fortalezas quedaron sin vigencia estratégica».]] ▲Don Enrique Aristeguieta<ref>Doctor Enrique Aristeguieta Gramcko, testimonio histórico «La Guerra Psicológica» </ref> da su testimonio relatándolo así: {{cita\|Telefónicamente se le pidió ayuda a las Fuerzas Aéreas para reducir el Fortín Solano, donde los rebeldes estaban atrincherados con una ametralladora "Punto 50", la cual inexplicablemente no había sido utilizada para impedir la concentración de tropas en la Estación, pues tanto ésta como el ingreso a la ciudad están dominados por el Fortín, que se encuentra en una colina, al Sur. A las cinco y media, las unidades listas para el ataque, estaban en la Estación.}} Line 60 ⟶ 58: ==See also== * [[Second Presidency of Rómulo Betancourt#Internal unrest]] [[El Barcelonazo]] [[El Carupanazo]] ==References== Line 65: ==Further reading== * {{esin ~~icon~~lang\|es}} Alí Brett Martínez (1973), ''El Porteñazo: historia de una rebelión'', Ediciones Adaro * {{esin ~~icon~~lang\|es}} ''[[Últimas Noticias]]'', 5 June 2012, [https://web.archive.org/web/20150925132446/http://www.ultimasnoticias.com.ve/la-propia-foto/del-archivo-de-la-cadena-capriles--el-portenazo.aspx?page=5 Del archivo de la Cadena Capriles: El Porteñazo] - gallery of 24 photographs, including ''Últimas Noticias''' front page of 4 June 1962, with the award-winning photo by Hector Rondón. {{Use dmy dates\|date=June 2017}} {{Rómulo Betancourt}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Portenazo}} Line 74 ⟶ 75: [[Category:Conflicts in 1962]] [[Category:Rebellions in Venezuela]] [[Category:~~1960s~~June ~~coups~~1962 ~~d'état~~events ~~and~~in ~~coup~~South ~~attempts~~America]] [[Category:June 1962 events]]▼ [[Category:Puerto Cabello]] ▲[[Category:~~June~~Rómulo ~~1962 events~~Betancourt]]