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{{Short description|1962 military rebellion in Venezuela}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = El Porteñazo
| image =
| image_size = 250
| caption = Bombardment of the [[Solano Castle]] during the Porteñazo.
| partof =
| date = 2–6 June 1962
| place =
| result = Government victory
| combatants_header = Government-Insurgents
| combatant2 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Venezuela|1954}} Military rebels}}
| combatant1 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Venezuela|1954}} [[Government of Venezuela|Venezuelan government]]}}
| milstrength1 = [[Armed Forces of Venezuela]]
| milstrength2 = Rebel forces
| polstrength1 =
| polstrength2 =
| commander2 = {{flagicon|Venezuela|1954}} Manuel Ponte Rodríguez<br /> {{flagicon|Venezuela|1954}} Pedro Medina Silva<br /> {{flagicon|Venezuela|1954}} Víctor Hugo Morales
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Venezuela|1954}} [[Rómulo Betancourt]]<br />{{flagicon|Venezuela|1954}} Alfredo Monch<br /> {{flagicon|Venezuela|1954}} Ricardo Sosa Rios
| casualties3 =
}}
'''El Porteñazo''' (2 June 1962 – 6 June 1962) was a short-lived Communist<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Azzellini |first=Dario |editor-last=Ness |editor-first=Immanuel |editor-link=Immanuel Ness |encyclopedia=The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest. 1500 to the Present. |title=Venezuela, Military Uprisings, 1960-1962 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338701255_Venezuela_Military_Uprisings_1960-1962 |format=pdf |date=April 2009 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |doi=10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp1526 |accessdate=2023-06-06 }}</ref> military rebellion against the government of [[Rómulo Betancourt]] in [[Venezuela]], in which rebels attempted to take over the city of [[Puerto Cabello]], located ~{{convert|75|mi|km}} West of the capital [[Caracas]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.ultimasnoticias.com.ve/noticias/politica/plomazon-de-el-portenazo-retumba-60-anos-despues/ | title=Plomazón of El Porteñazo resounds 60 years later | language=en | publisher=Ultimas Noticias | first=Eduardo | last=Chapellin | date=2 June 2022 | accessdate=20 August 2022}}</ref> The rebellion was on a substantially larger scale than that of ''[[El Carupanazo]]'' a month earlier.
On 2 June 1962, units led by navy Captains Manuel Ponte Rodríguez, Pedro Medina Silva and Víctor Hugo Morales went into rebellion.<ref name=VT>{{
A photograph of
▲On 2 June 1962, units led by navy Captains Manuel Ponte Rodríguez, Pedro Medina Silva and Víctor Hugo Morales went into rebellion.<ref name=VT>{{es icon}} venezuelatuya.com, [http://www.venezuelatuya.com/historia/carupanazo_portenazo.htm El Carupanazo y El Porteñazo]</ref> The 55th National Guard Detachment declined to participate. The rebellion was crushed by the 3rd of June, leaving more than 400 dead and 700 injured, and by the 6th of June the rebels' stronghold of [[Solano Castle]] had fallen.<ref name=VT/>
▲A photograph of a chaplain holding a wounded soldier during the rebellion won the 1963 [[Pulitzer Prize for Photography]] and 1962 [[World Press Photo of the Year]] for Héctor Rondón of ''[[La República (Caracas)|''La República'']]''.<ref>{{es icon}} ''[[Ultimas Noticias]]'', 5 June 2012, [http://www.ultimasnoticias.com.ve/la-propia-foto/del-archivo-de-la-cadena-capriles--el-portenazo.aspx?page=5 Del archivo de la Cadena Capriles: El Porteñazo], accessed 12 June 2012</ref><ref>The photo can be seen here: poyi.org, [http://archive.poyi.org/items/show/4731 Aid From the Padre]</ref>
== Testimonies ==
[[File:Aid from the Padre.jpg|thumb|"Aid from the Padre", Héctor Rondón's Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph of a priest providing comfort to a wounded soldier during the fighting]]
Different stories retelling the event mourned Venezuela, taking the rebellion as an unjust and unnecessary act of war. Many reconciled what had happened according to their personal and political affiliations.
Alí Brett<ref>Alí Brett Martínez, writer and social communicator who investigated the events in Puerto Cabello. He witnessed what happened.</ref> wrote, according to his investigation:
{{
{{
{{
▲{{cita|Barely keeping up during the insurgency, the marines raised the Naval Base to guard the fort, whose inhabitants, by this day, Monday the 4th of June, were already dead. The presence of the executive officials and some military leaders clarified the mystery that had almost become the truth during the course of events, due to ill-founded stories.}}
He concludes his investigation by saying:
{{
<!--Don Enrique
▲Don Enrique Aristiguieta<ref>Doctor Enrique Aristiguieta Gramcko, testimonio histórico «La Guerra Psicológica» </ref> da su testimonio relatándolo así:
{{cita|Telefónicamente se le pidió ayuda a las Fuerzas Aéreas para reducir el Fortín Solano, donde los rebeldes estaban atrincherados con una ametralladora "Punto 50", la cual inexplicablemente no había sido utilizada para impedir la concentración de tropas en la Estación, pues tanto ésta como el ingreso a la ciudad están dominados por el Fortín, que se encuentra en una colina, al Sur. A las cinco y media, las unidades listas para el ataque, estaban en la Estación.}}
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En un trabajo periodístico para una revista de circulación nacional Marconi Villamizar<ref>Marconi Villamizar, periodista y escritor, realiza sobre los sucesos una obra titulada «Biografía de una Aventura».</ref> escribe:
{{cita|Ante el sostenido ataque de las fuerzas leales, los insurrectos se replegaron definitivamente hacia el Fortín Solano dejando sólo pocos focos de franco-tiradores en la ciudad. En el Fortín, que fue duramente bombardeado por la aviación durante el domingo, los rebeldes habrían estado en condiciones de adelantar otras acciones desesperadas, pero la previsión del Capitán Carbonell, acordada en días anteriores al alzamiento, frustró las esperanzas rebeldes.}}
{{cita|En el Fortín están montados dos poderosísimos cañones de 155 milímetros, montados por el General [[Cipriano Castro]] en 1905, para estar en condiciones de rechazar cualquier nuevo intento de bloqueo del puerto por potencias extranjeras. En el Fortín hay más de 200 grandes proyectiles para las dos unidades, pero resultó imposible para los rebeldes operarlas. La precaución de Carbonell luego del alzamiento de Campano fue comisionar al Teniente Justo Pastor Márquez, especialista en armamentos, para que quitara los percutores a los cañones. La operación fue secreta y aparte de Carbonell y Márquez muy pocos oficiales se enteraron.}}
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==See also==
* [[Second Presidency of Rómulo Betancourt#Internal unrest]]
*[[El Barcelonazo]]
*[[El Carupanazo]]
==References==
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==Further reading==
* {{
* {{
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Rómulo Betancourt}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:
[[Category:1962 in Venezuela]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1962]]
[[Category:
[[Category:June 1962 events in South America]]
[[Category:Puerto Cabello]]
[[Category:Rómulo Betancourt]]
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