During his decades living in exile, the Dalai Lama, the spiritual leader of Tibet, has published dozens of books — including two autobiographies and works on ethics, Buddhist philosophy and practice, and the overlap between religion and science. But he has rarely delved extensively into raw politics.

在几十年的流亡生活中，西藏精神领袖达赖喇嘛出版了数十本书，其中包括两本自传和内容涉及伦理、佛教哲学与实践，以及宗教与科学的交集的著作。但他很少涉足纯粹的政治。

Now, in “Voice for the Voiceless: Over Seven Decades of Struggle With China for My Land and My People,” which comes out in March, he offers his first detailed account of his fraught negotiations with a succession of China’s leaders, from meeting with Mao Zedong when he was just 19, to his more recent attempts to communicate with President Xi Jinping and other Chinese officials. It also delves into the Dalai Lama’s efforts to preserve Tibet’s unique culture, religion and language, and to ensure protections for Tibetans living under Chinese rule.

现在，在3月即将出版的《为无声者发声：为我的家乡和人民与中国抗争七十余年》(Voice for the Voiceless: Over Seven Decades of Struggle With China for My Land and My People)一书中，达赖喇嘛首次详细描述了他与历任中国领导人之间充满争议的谈判，从他19岁时与毛泽东的会面，到他近期试图与习近平和其他中国官员进行沟通。该书还深入探讨了达赖喇嘛为保护西藏独特的文化、宗教和语言，以及确保生活在中国统治下的藏人受到保护所做的努力。

The book arrives at a particularly tenuous moment for the Tibetan people, with an ascendant China flexing its military and economic muscle around the world, and with Tibet’s aging leader trying to ensure that Tibetans’ struggle for autonomy isn’t forgotten amid other global crises.

这本书的出版正值西藏人民处于一个特别脆弱的时刻，崛起的中国在世界各地展示其军事和经济实力，而这位年迈的西藏领导人正努力确保西藏人民争取自治的斗争不会在其他全球危机中被遗忘。

As he nears 90, the Dalai Lama writes, he aims to leave a record of his work, and guidance for those who take up the Tibetan cause after his death.

达赖喇嘛写道，在临近90岁之际，他的目标是留下工作记录，并为他死后从事西藏事业的人提供指导。

“Despite all the suffering and destruction, we still hold fast to the hope for a peaceful resolution of our struggle for freedom and dignity,” the Dalai Lama said in a statement. “Drawing on the lessons learned from my decades of engagement with Beijing, the book also aims to offer some thoughts on what might be the way forward.”

“尽管遭受了种种苦难和破坏，我们仍然坚定地抱有希望通过和平方式解决我们争取自由和尊严的斗争，”达赖喇嘛在一份声明中表示。“这本书汲取了我数十年来与北京接触的经验教训，还试图提供一些关于前进道路的思考。”

He continued, “My hope is that the book will stimulate fresh thoughts and conversations today and provide a framework for the future of Tibet even after I am gone.”

他继续说：“我希望这本书能在今天激发新的思考和对话，并为西藏的未来提供一个框架，即使在我离开之后也是如此。”

Born into a farming family in 1935 in what was then northeastern Tibet, the Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, was recognized at age 2 as the reincarnation of the 13th Dalai Lama, and began monastic training and Buddhist philosophical studies.

达赖喇嘛丹增嘉措1935年出生于当时西藏东北部的一个农民家庭，两岁时被认定为十三世达赖喇嘛的转世灵童，并开始接受寺院训练和学习佛教哲学。

When Chinese troops entered Tibet in 1950, he suddenly, at age 16, had to become Tibet’s political leader and guide the country through the crisis. Tibet’s right to independence has been in dispute ever since. In 1959, during the Tibetan uprising, the Dalai Lama fled the country for India, and he has never returned.

1950年，中国军队进入西藏，年仅16岁的他突然不得不成为西藏的政治领袖，带领西藏度过危机。从那时起，西藏的独立权就一直存在争议。1959年，在西藏起义期间，达赖喇嘛逃离西藏前往印度，再未返回故土。

“I had hoped that I would be able to go back at least once before I die,” he writes. “This is looking increasingly unlikely.”

“我曾希望能在死之前至少回去一次，”他写道。“这看起来越来越不可能了。”

In “Voice for the Voiceless,” the Dalai Lama describes the personal toll that came with bearing responsibility for leading Tibet from a young age. He recalls meeting with Mao, the Chinese Communist Party’s supreme leader, who revealed his disdain for Tibet’s deeply spiritual culture.

在《为无声者发声》一书中，达赖喇嘛描述了从年轻时就肩负起领导西藏所带来的个人代价。他回忆起与中国共产党最高领导人毛泽东会面时，后者表达了对西藏深厚宗教文化的轻蔑。

He describes how, after years of fruitless negotiations with Chinese leaders, he came to the decision that fighting for Tibetan independence was a lost cause. Instead, he began advocating for Tibetans to have cultural autonomy within China, rather than full independence.

他描述了自己是如何在与中国领导人多年的谈判无果后，认定争取西藏独立是一项无望的事业。于是他开始倡导藏人在中国境内享有文化自治，而不是完全独立。

He acknowledges that his moderate stance infuriated some Tibetans who felt he had abandoned their hope for restoring independence, and concedes that his approach has largely failed to get results. He also expresses his conflicting feelings about Tibetans who have self-immolated as a form of protest, noting that he sees their actions as a result of profound helplessness, even as he disagrees with their methods and insists on nonviolent protest as the only morally defensible form of resistance.

他承认自己的温和立场激怒了一些藏人，他们认为他放弃了藏人恢复独立的希望，他也承认自己的做法在很大程度上未能取得成效。他还对以自焚作为抗议方式的藏人表达了矛盾的情感，指出他认为他们的行为是极度无助的结果，尽管他不赞同他们的方式，并坚持认为非暴力抗议是唯一在道义上站得住脚的反抗方式。

In 2011, the Dalai Lama stepped down as the political leader of Tibet, paving the way for the Tibetan government in exile to elect its political leaders. He notes that his formal dialogue with the Chinese government over the status of Tibet stalled in 2010, but he continued to have informal and sometimes confidential contact with Chinese leaders until 2019.

2011年，达赖喇嘛卸任西藏政治领导人，为西藏流亡政府选举政治领导人铺平了道路。他指出，他与中国政府就西藏地位问题的正式对话在2010年陷入僵局，但他继续与中国领导人保持非正式的，有时是保密的接触，直到2019年。

In the years since, he has watched with alarm as China has continued its efforts to force Tibetans to assimilate, using tactics that include placing Tibetan children in boarding schools where they learn in Mandarin and are taught that the Chinese liberated Tibetans from serfdom. He also delivers blunt criticism of China’s treatment of its own citizens.

在那之后的几年里，他震惊地发现，中国一直在强行同化藏人，手段包括将藏族儿童送入寄宿学校，让他们在那里用普通话学习，并向他们灌输汉人将藏人从农奴制下解放出来的观念。他还直言不讳地批评了中国对待本国公民的方式。

“Judging by Xi’s last decade in office, when it comes to individual freedom and everyday life, China seems to be reverting to the oppressive policies of Mao’s time, but now enforced through state-of-the-art digital technologies of surveillance and control,” he writes.

他写道：“从习近平执政的上个十年来看，在个人自由和日常生活方面，中国似乎又回到了毛泽东时代的高压政策，只不过现在是通过最先进的数字监控和控制技术来执行的。”

The Dalai Lama also addresses the fraught issue of his own succession.

达赖喇嘛还谈到了关于他的继任者这一棘手问题。

Tibetan Buddhists believe that the Dalai Lama is the 14th reincarnation of previous Dalai Lamas, and that he is an enlightened being who returns in successive lives to continue his work as a spiritual leader. But the Dalai Lama has warned that China might try to choose the 15th Dalai Lama after his death, as it has done with the Panchen Lama, another high-level Tibetan spiritual leader.

藏传佛教信徒认为，达赖喇嘛是历代达赖喇嘛的第十四世转世，他是一个开悟者，会连续几世转世，继续他作为精神领袖的工作。但达赖喇嘛警告，中国可能会试图在他死后选择第十五世达赖喇嘛，就像对西藏另一位高级精神领袖班禅喇嘛所做的那样。

To avoid Chinese interference, the Dalai Lama has said he will reincarnate in “the free world,” outside Tibet or China. And when he turns 90 this year, he writes, he will consult Tibetan religious leaders and citizens about whether they want to end the institution of the Dalai Lama altogether.

为了避免中国的干涉，达赖喇嘛说他将在西藏或中国以外的“自由世界”转世。他写道，在今年年满90岁时，他将征求西藏宗教领袖和民众的意见，看他们是否希望彻底终止达赖喇嘛制度。

“Voice for the Voiceless” will be published by William Morrow in the United States and HarperNonFiction in Britain on March 11, and later released in Australia, Canada, Germany, Italy, France, Holland and Brazil. It is also being published in Tibetan and translated into Chinese, in hopes that it might influence some Chinese readers, said Thupten Jinpa, the Dalai Lama’s longtime translator, though the book will very likely be banned in China.

《为无声者发声》将于3月11日由美国威廉·莫罗出版社和英国哈珀非虚构出版社出版，随后将在澳大利亚、加拿大、德国、意大利、法国、荷兰和巴西发行。达赖喇嘛的长期译者图登晋巴说，这本书还将以藏文出版，并翻译成中文，希望它能影响一些中国读者，尽管这本书很可能在中国被禁。

“He wanted a testimony and an account of the evolution of his thinking,” Jinpa said. “This book is an attempt to present in a single volume all of his efforts, in not only reaching out to the Chinese for a negotiated settlement, but also rebuilding Tibetan civilization in exile.”

“他想要一份证词，记录他思维的演变。”图登晋巴说。“这本书试图在一本著作中呈现他所有的努力，不仅是向中国方面寻求通过谈判解决的努力，也包括在流亡中重建西藏文明的努力。”