院士80岁晋身资深院士，是一种退休制。中国院士资源太多，这种

退休制算是一种择中吧。
NAS也有退休，但是一种自愿退休：
A member who wishes to be relieved of the duties of active membership and requests emeritus status,
or whose dues fall in arrears for three successive years,
shall be transferred to the roll of emeritus members by
action of the home secretary.
变成emeritus后，就不能参加投票选举新院士了。