从铁锈地带的“乡下人” 到特朗普的副总统候选人

当地时间7月15日，美国共和党全国代表大会正式通过詹姆斯·戴维·万斯作为共和党副总统候选人的提名。
当日稍早前，美国前总统特朗普在威斯康星州密尔沃基的共和党全国代表大会上宣布俄亥俄州联邦参议员詹姆斯·戴维·万斯（J.D. Vance）将作为其副总统候选人参加2024年的总统大选。

詹姆斯·戴维·万斯1984年8月2日出生于俄亥俄州米德尔敦，他曾服役于美国海军陆战队，他从海军陆战队回来不到3个星期，万斯开始在俄亥俄州立大学上课，他从此变得非常拼命，暑假上课、课时翻倍，每天睡3小时，短短1年11个月，就结束了四年的大学课程，以最优异的双学位成绩毕业。毕业后，万斯开始申请法学院。
在2022年成为俄亥俄共和党联邦参议员之前，他是一名作家和风险投资家。2016年，万斯曾批评美国前总统特朗普“可耻”，其书大获自由派媒体好评。但在共和党初选中，万斯却声言特朗普是他“一生遇到过的最伟大的总统”。
万斯曾于2016年出版一本回忆录《乡下人的悲歌》，该书目前总销量至少160万本。在这本书中，万斯回忆了美国肯塔基州东部阿巴拉契亚地区的民众，从支持民主党到支持共和党的转变，并分享了他的家庭生活及其家乡面临的社会和经济问题。2020年，这本书被改编为同名电影。

He is the junior senator from Ohio with only two years in government.

But JD Vance is one of former president, Trump's biggest offenders because I want to help Donald Trump get elected because it's really important that he become the next president in the Senate.
How can we defend Ukraine's borders when we're not even defending our own American border? And on the campaign, the question is, are we going to send America first fighters to Washington DC? He's one of the leading voices of Trump's mega America first movement, not holding back and pushing the former president's agenda.
Republicans, we need to govern like we won the majority.
The American people gave us not like a bunch of cowards hasn't always been the case.
This was Vance in 2016.
I'm never a Trump guy.
I never liked him.
He was deeply critical of Trump then, but here's Vance just six years later, the president is right.
I wasn't always nice, but the simple fact is he's the best president of my lifetime and he revealed the corruption in this country like nobody else running for Senate in 2022 in Ohio as an extremely pro Trump candidate.
I was wrong about Donald Trump.
I didn't think he was going to be a good president Brett.
He was a great President.
Vance.
Shot to fame is the author of hillbilly, a memoir about his upbringing in a poor hard hit part of Ohio.
He then enlisted in the Marines, went to Yale law school and the venture capital and then to the Senate.
His first role in government on the major issues, Vance has said he would support a national ban on abortion after 15 weeks but is for exceptions, including for rape and the life of the mother on immigration.
Vance has called for finishing Trump's Southern border wall.
And on the issue of the 2020 presidential election, then senate candidate Vance suggested he would have supported fraudulent slates of pro Trump electors.
If I had been vice president, I would have told the states like Pennsylvania, Georgia and so many others that we needed to have multiple slates of electors.
And I think the US Congress should have fought over it from there.
That is now the father of two, just 39 years old after not even a full two years in government is set to step onto the biggest political stage in the world.
Senator J.D. Vance of Ohio, the newly announced running mate to former President Donald J. Trump, has gone on a rapid journey over the past eight years from best-selling author and outspoken Trump critic to one of Mr. Trump’s staunchest defenders and, now, his would-be second in command.
俄亥俄州参议员J·D·万斯是前总统特朗普新宣布的竞选搭档，在过去八年里，他的人生经历了快速的变化，从畅销书作家和高调的特朗普批评者，变成了特朗普最坚定的捍卫者之一，现在又成了他未来的副手。
Before running for office, Mr. Vance, 39, was known as the author of “Hillbilly Elegy,” a best-selling memoir recounting his upbringing in a poor family that also served as a sort of sociological examination of white working-class Americans. The book was published the summer before Mr. Trump’s election in 2016, and many readers looked to it after his victory as a sort of guide to understanding Mr. Trump’s support among white working-class communities.
在竞选公职之前，现年39岁的万斯曾以畅销回忆录《乡下人的悲歌》（Hillbilly Elegy，台译：绝望者之歌）闻名，这本书讲述了他在一个贫穷家庭的成长经历，同时也是从社会学角度对美国白人工薪阶层的审视。这本书出版于2016年特朗普当选总统之前的那个夏天，在特朗普获胜后，许多读者把这本书当作一种指南，来了解特朗普获得白人工薪阶层社区支持的原因。
Mr. Vance himself harshly denounced Mr. Trump during his 2016 campaign. But by 2022, he had embraced Mr. Trump, winning a crowded Republican Senate primary with his backing and becoming a reliable pro-Trump voice in Congress.
万斯本人在2016年竞选期间曾严厉批评特朗普。但到2022年，他接受了特朗普，在后者的支持下赢得了一场竞争者众多的共和党参议院初选，并成为国会中支持特朗普的可靠声音。
Here is more on Mr. Vance’s background and views.
以下是关于万斯的背景与所持观点的更多信息。
• Personal background: 
• 个人背景：
He was born in Middletown, Ohio, and spent part of his childhood in Jackson, Ky., raised by his maternal grandparents as his mother struggled with drug addiction, before returning to Middletown. After high school, he enlisted in the Marines and was deployed to Iraq, doing public affairs work. He later attended Ohio State University and Yale Law School.
他出生在俄亥俄州的米德尔敦，在肯塔基州的杰克逊度过了童年时光。他的母亲一直在与毒瘾作斗争，他由外祖父母抚养长大，后来他回到米德尔敦。高中毕业后，他加入了海军陆战队，并被派往伊拉克，从事公共事务工作。后来，他就读于俄亥俄州立大学和耶鲁大学法学院。
• Career in finance: 
• 金融职业：
Mr. Vance worked for the conservative venture capitalist Peter Thiel before founding his own venture capital firm. Mr. Thiel donated millions of dollars to Mr. Vance’s 2022 Senate campaign.
在创立自己的风险投资公司之前，万斯曾为保守派风险投资家彼得·蒂尔工作。蒂尔为万斯2022年的参议院竞选捐赠了数百万美元。
• “Hillbilly Elegy”: 
•《乡下人的悲歌》：
The timing of his book, published the year that Mr. Trump was elected, helped raise his profile. He argued that a lack of personal agency was responsible for economic suffering, drug abuse and other struggles in white working-class communities like his, and wrote of “a willingness to blame everyone but yourself.” Since aligning himself with Mr. Trump, he has turned his blame toward outside sources, like offshoring and immigration.
• Criticism of Trump: 
• 对特朗普的批评：
这本书在特朗普当选的那一年出版，它提高了万斯的知名度。万斯认为，在像他这样的白人工人阶级社区，缺乏个人能动性是造成经济困境、吸毒和其他问题的原因，他写道，“人们愿意责怪所有人，唯独不责怪自己。”自从与特朗普结盟以来，他开始谴责外部理由，比如离岸外包和移民。
During the 2016 campaign, Mr. Vance sharply criticized Mr. Trump, describing him as “cultural heroin” and as a demagogue who was “leading the white working class to a very dark place.” He described himself as “a Never Trump guy.” In a Twitter post that he has since deleted, he called Mr. Trump “reprehensible” because he “makes people I care about afraid. Immigrants, Muslims, etc.”
在特朗普2016年竞选期间，万斯尖锐地批评他，称他是“文化海洛因”，是煽动家，“把白人工人阶级引向非常黑暗的地方”。他说自己“永远不支持特朗普”。在一条后来被他删除的Twitter帖子中，他称特朗普“应该受到谴责”，因为他“让我关心的人感到害怕。移民、穆斯林等等。”
• Senate campaign: 
• 竞选参议员：
After deciding to run for Senate in 2022, he recast himself as an unflinching Trump supporter. Mr. Vance apologized for denouncing Mr. Trump, adopted his hard-line stances on immigration and other issues, and won Mr. Trump’s endorsement. He has said that Mr. Trump’s term in the White House proved his opposition wrong. He also said in 2019 that “Trump’s popularity in the Vance household went up substantially” because of Brett M. Kavanaugh’s Supreme Court confirmation hearings, during which the judge — whom Mr. Trump had nominated, and for whom Mr. Vance’s wife had clerked — was accused of sexual assault.
在决定参加2022年的参议员竞选后，他将自己重塑为坚定的特朗普支持者。万斯为谴责特朗普而道歉，在移民和其他问题上采用了特朗普的强硬立场，并赢得了特朗普的支持。他说，特朗普在白宫的任期证明了自己之前的反对是错误的。他还在2019年表示，由于布雷特·卡瓦诺的最高法院确认听证会，“特朗普在万斯家的受欢迎程度大幅上升”，在听证会上，这位由特朗普提名的法官被指控性侵犯，万斯的妻子曾担任他的助理。
• Election denial: 
• 否认选举：
He has not committed to accepting the results of this year’s election. “If we have a free and fair election, I will accept the results,” he said on CNN in May. It’s a caveat that many Republicans have used, leaving the door open to the notion of foul play and helping to sow doubt in advance. In February, he told ABC News that if he had been vice president on Jan. 6, 2021, he would not have certified the election as Mike Pence did, but would have “told the states, like Pennsylvania, Georgia and so many others, that we needed to have multiple slates of electors, and I think the U.S. Congress should have fought over it from there.”
他尚未承诺接受今年选举的结果。“如果我们有一个自由公正的选举，我将接受结果，”他在5月接受CNN采访时说。这是许多共和党人使用过的一个警告，为选举存在不正当行为的想法留出了空间，有助于提前播下怀疑的种子。今年2月，他告诉ABC新闻，如果在2021年1月6日担任副总统的是他，他不会像迈克·彭斯那样认证选举结果，而是会“告诉宾夕法尼亚州、佐治亚州和其他许多州，我们需要多个选举人团名单，我认为美国国会应该从那个地方开始争论”。