The bipartite complement of a bipartite graph 
with specified bipartition 
is the bipartite
graph on the same vertex set and with the same
bipartition in which 
and 
are adjacent iff they are not adjacent
in 
(Alecu et al. 2023). Equivalently, its edge set
is the complement of the edge set of 
within the complete
bipartite graph on 
. Thus the operation is defined relative to the chosen
bipartition.
The bipartite complement differs from the ordinary graph complement, which also makes every pair of distinct vertices within 
or within 
adjacent.
